Is Matter Around Us Pure

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A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. For example, a solution of sugar and water, a solution of salt and water, lemonade, soft drinks, etc.

In a solution, components are mixed in such a way that they appear as only one phase.

Seeing by the naked eye, constituent particles of a solution cannot be identified because particles are mixed evenly throughout.

In a solution, there are two types of components:

1. Solute
2. Solvent

Solute: Substance which is present in smaller quantity in a mixture is called solute.

Solvent: Substance in a mixture which is present in larger quantity in a mixture is called solvent.

Example: In the solution of sugar and water, sugar is present in small quantity while water is present in larger quantity. Here sugar is solute and water is solvent.

Types of Solution

1. True solution
2. Colloidal solution
3. Suspension solution

Saturated Solution: When a solution cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature, the point is called saturation point of the solution and solution is called saturated solution. In other words, no more solute can be dissolved in a saturated solution at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution: Solution in which more solution can be dissolved at a given temperature, is called unsaturated solution.

Solubility: It is defined as, the maximum capacity to dissolved a solute in a solution at a given temperature.

Concentration: It is defined as the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution.

concentration = amount of solute/amount of solvent

This concentration is the ratio of the amount of solute and amount of solvent.

Concentration can be expressed in mass percentage or volume percentage of a solution.

The mass percentage of the solution:

concentration = (Mass of solute/Mass of solution) x 100

Volume percentage of solution:

Concentration = (Volume of solute/Volume of solution) x 100

A colloidal solution, occasionally identified as a colloidal suspension, is a mixture in which substances regularly suspended in a fluid. A colloid is a minutely small material that is regularly spread out all through another substance.

Properties of a colloid:

1. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture.
2. The size of particles of a colloid is too small to be individually seen by naked eyes.
3. Colloids are big enough to scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible.
4. They do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a colloid is quite stable.
5. They cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.

Colloidal solutions have three sub-classifications: Foams, emulsions and sol.

1. Foam in this setting is created by ensnaring a gas in a liquid. For example shaving cream.
2. An emulsion is a combination of liquids; it’s basically when one liquid is consistently dispersed all through another liquid. For example, mayonnaise or milk.
3. A sol, which is when a solid is evenly dispersed throughout a fluid. For example, paint, blood and silver aquasols.

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium. Particles of suspension are visible to naked eye.

Properties of a Suspension:

1. Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.
2. The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eye.
3. The particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible.
4. The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed, that is, a suspension is unstable.
5. They can be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.