Long Answer TypeDiscuss the Modern(or Quantum) Theory of covalent bond.
Every system in this universe lends to acquire a state of minimum potential enthalpy in order to acquire maximum stability. Similarly, the formation of a bond between the atoms occur only it' there is a decrease in enthalpy.
The attractive forces tend to decrease the enthalpy of the system whereas repulsive forces tend to increase its enthalpy. When two atoms approach each other, the following two forces come into existence:
(i) Attractive forces between the electrons of one atom and the nucleus of the other atom.
(ii) Repulsive forces between electrons of the two atoms and also between their nuclei.
As a result of these electrostatic interactions, if there is a net decrease in enthalpy, a bond is formed between them. On the other hand, if there is an increase in enthalpy, the bond formation does not occur. For example, hydrogen molecule is formed but He2 is not formed.
Give the comparison between Electrovalent (or ionic compounds) compounds and covalent compounds (special reference to properties).
Discuss the orbtial concept or quantum concept for the formation of covalent bond.
Or
Explain the formation of covalent bond on the basis of valence bond theory.
Short Answer TypeLong Answer TypeDiscuss the orbital shapes of the following covalent molecules:
(i) H2 (ii) F2 (iii) O2 (iv) N2.
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