Long Answer TypeGive the comparison between Electrovalent (or ionic compounds) compounds and covalent compounds (special reference to properties).
| Electrovalent compounds | Covalent bonds |
1. They are formed by the complete transference of one or more electrons from one atom to another.  |
1.They are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms. |
| 2. Exist as hard crystalline solids. | 2. Exist as gases, liquids or soft solids. |
| 3. Crystals are made up of ions. | 3. Crystals are made up of molecules. |
| 4. High melting and boiling points. | 4. Low melting and boiling points. |
| 5. It is a bad conductor of electricity in a solid state but conducts electricity in the molten state or in solution. | 5. Bad conductor of electricity |
| 6. Soluble in polar solvents, insoluble in non-polar solvents. | 6. Soluble in non-polar solvents, insoluble in polar solvents. |
| 7. Reactions are fast. | 7. Reactions are slow. |
| 8. Reactions are slow. | 8. Exhibit isomerism. |
Discuss the orbtial concept or quantum concept for the formation of covalent bond.
Or
Explain the formation of covalent bond on the basis of valence bond theory.
Short Answer TypeLong Answer TypeDiscuss the orbital shapes of the following covalent molecules:
(i) H2 (ii) F2 (iii) O2 (iv) N2.
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