Long Answer TypeWhat is meant by hybridization of atomic orbitals? Describe the shapes of sp, sp2, sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Descibe the hybridisation in case of PCl5. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds?
Short Answer TypeDefine hydrogen bond. Is it weaker or stronger than the van der Waals forces?
Hydrogen bond represents a dipolar attraction between hydrogen atom & highly electronegative atom. The hydrogen bond is represented by ----------(dotted lines).
For eg H -----------X -----------X -------- X------
X = O,N,S,F,Cl….
The bond pair involved in hydrogen bonding was attracted more towards highly electronegative atom, as a result H atom will start acquiring a partial positive charge(δ+) & the electronegative atom will acquire a partial negative charge(δ-).
The magnitude of H-bonding is maximum in the solid state and minimum in the gaseous state.
Hydrogen bonds are of two types
(i) Intermolecular H-bond e.g., HF, H2O etc.
(ii) Intramolecular H-bond e.g., o-nitrophenol
Vander Waal's forces are weak forces and exist in non-polar compounds & noble gases .As compared to hydrogen bonds they are weak in nature because of strong dipole-dipole interaction in hydrogen bonding.
Long Answer Type
Multiple Choice QuestionsThe species in which the N atom is in a state of sp hybridization is:
NO2-
NO3-
NO2
NO2
The ionic radii (in Å) of N3–, O2– and F– are respectively:
1.36, 1.40 and 1.71
1.36, 1.71 and 1.40
1.71, 1.40 and 1.36
1.71, 1.40 and 1.36
In which of the following pairs of molecules/ions, both the species are not likely exist?
Which of the following exists as covalent crystals in the solid state?
Iodine
Silicon
Sulphur
Sulphur
bond.
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