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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

41.

straight N subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space plus space straight O subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space space space 2 NO left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis semicolon space increment straight H space equals space plus ve

What is the effect of temperature over this equilibrium?

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42.

The reaction
$straight N subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space plus space 3 straight H subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space space space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space space space space 2 NH subscript 3 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis$ is at equilibrium, $NH subscript 3$ formed is absorbed in sulphuric acid, what happens to the equilibrium?

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43.

What happens when pressure is applied on ice?

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44.

Define Le-Chatelier's principle ?

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45.

In a gaseous system at equilibrium $straight a plus straight b space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space 2 straight c plus straight d comma$ 3 mole of inert gas is pumped into the vessel at constant pressure. What will be its effect on equilibrium?

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Long Answer Type

46. What is a physical equilibrium? What type of equilibria are involved in physical equilibrium?

Physical equilibrium: When two or more than two phases of a substance exist in equilibrium with each other, it is called physical equilibrium. In such equilibrium, there are only physical changes in the system. For example:

(i) Solid-liquid equilibrium: Here, solid form of a substance remains in equilibrium with its liquid form.

A solid and liquid form of a pure substance remain in equilibrium only at a fixed temperature which is called melting point of solid or freezing point of a liquid form of the substance.

(ii) Liquid-gas equilibrium: Here liquid and gaseous phase of the substance are in equilibrium.

The equilibrium state is reached when the rate of vaporisation becomes equal to the rate of condensation of vapour to liquid in a closed container. At equilibrium state, even though molecules still move from liquid to vapour and from vapour to liquid state, there is no change in the quantity of the substance in each state because the two processes viz evaporation and condensation take place at the same rate. Thus, physical equilibrium is dynamic in nature.

(iii) Solid-vapour equilibrium : Solid and gaseous forms of a substance remain in equilibrium.

When solid is changed directly into vapour form, the process is called sublimation.

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Short Answer Type

47.

What is the effect of pressure on the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
Or
State Henry's Law.

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48. Explain why the gas fizzes out (bubbles out) when a soda water bottle is opened?

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49.

A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
(i) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?

(ii) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?

(iii) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?

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Long Answer Type

50. What are the general characteristics of equilibria involving physical process?

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