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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

51. Can equilibrium be achieved between water and its vapour in an open vessel? Explain your answer and say what happens eventually.

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Long Answer Type

52. A vessel has two compartments connected at the top. In one compartment (B), radioactive methyl iodide (CH₃I) is placed and in the other (A) normal methyl iodide (CH₃I) is placed. Will the vaporus over (A) and (B) become radioactive?
Will the radioactivity spread to the liquid in the compartment A? Discuss in terms of dynamic nature of the equilibrium between vapours and its liquid.

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53. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapours in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.

(i) What is the initial effect of the change on the vapour pressure?

(ii) How do the rates of evaporation and condensation change pressure?

(iii) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the Final vapour pressure?

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54. What are reversible and irreversible reactions? Give examples.

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55. Write a short note on the concept of chemical equilibrium.

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56. How will you recognise the equilibrium state?

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Short Answer Type

57. A reversible reaction attains equilibrium of dynamic nature. Explain.

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58. How will you demonstrate the dynamic nature of equilibrium state?

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Long Answer Type

59. Comment on the statement: Equilibrium can be approached from either direction.

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60. Describe in brief the characteristics of chemical equilibrium.

The important characteristics of chemical equilibrium are as follows:

(i) At the equilibrium state, all the measurable properties such as concentration, colour, density, partial pressure become constant.

(ii) Chemical equilibrium is dynamic in nature i.e. reaction does not stop but proceeds in both the directions with the same rate.

(iii) Free energy change ∆G = 0.

(iv) Chemical equilibrium can be approached from either direction (either from the reactants or products side).

(v) Equilibrium can be reached only in a closed system.

(vi) The equilibrium state is not affected by the presence of a catalyst as it lowers the same magnitude of activation energy by speeding up both forward and backward reactions to the same extent. However, a catalyst helps to reach the equilibrium state in a shorter period of time.

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