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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

191.

What are electrolytes and non-electrolytes?

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Long Answer Type

192. Discuss different types of electrolytes.

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193. What is a degree of ionisation ?

Some substances when dissolved in water form positive and negative ions. The breaking of the substances into ions, when dissolved in a solvent, is called ionisation. The extent to which an electrolyte undergoes ionisation is expressed in terms of degree of ionisation and it may be defined as the fraction of electrolyte which dissociates into ions.
Mathematically,

Clearly, the degree of ionisation is taken per mole of an electrolyte. For example, if 0·5 mole weak acid HA ionises to give 0·02 mole H⁺ (aq) or 0·02 mole A^– (aq), the degree of ionisation per mole of the electrolyte.HA would be

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194.

Discuss the ionisation of weak electrolytes (Ostwald’s dilution law).

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Short Answer Type

195.

Write the correct balanced net ionic equation for the reaction whose equilibrium constant at 298K is:
(i) K_a(C₆H₅COOH) = 6·3 × 10^–5(ii) K_a(H₂C₂O₄) = 5·4 × 10^–2(iii) K_a ( HSO₃^–) = 2·8 × 10^–7(iv) K_b(OCl^–) = 9·1 × 10^–7

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196. Write correctly the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction whose equilibrium constant at 298K is:

(i) K_b(CH₃NH₂) = 4·4 × 10^–5(ii) K_aS) = 1·0 × 10^–7(iii) K_a (HCN) = 4·0 × 10^–10(iv) K_b(NH₃) = 1·8 × 10^–5

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197. Calculate the degree of ionisation and hydronium ion concentration of a 0·02 M acetic acid at 298K. The dissociation constant of acid is 1·8 × 10^–5at 298K.

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