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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

191.

What are electrolytes and non-electrolytes?

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Long Answer Type

192. Discuss different types of electrolytes.

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193. What is a degree of ionisation ?

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194.

Discuss the ionisation of weak electrolytes (Ostwald’s dilution law).

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Short Answer Type

195.

Write the correct balanced net ionic equation for the reaction whose equilibrium constant at 298K is:
(i) K_a(C₆H₅COOH) = 6·3 × 10^–5(ii) K_a(H₂C₂O₄) = 5·4 × 10^–2(iii) K_a ( HSO₃^–) = 2·8 × 10^–7(iv) K_b(OCl^–) = 9·1 × 10^–7

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196. Write correctly the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction whose equilibrium constant at 298K is:

(i) K_b(CH₃NH₂) = 4·4 × 10^–5(ii) K_aS) = 1·0 × 10^–7(iii) K_a (HCN) = 4·0 × 10^–10(iv) K_b(NH₃) = 1·8 × 10^–5

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197. Calculate the degree of ionisation and hydronium ion concentration of a 0·02 M acetic acid at 298K. The dissociation constant of acid is 1·8 × 10^–5at 298K.

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Long Answer Type

198. At 298K, 0·01M solution of acetic acid is 1·34% ionised. What is the ionisation constant K_a for acetic acid?

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199. Discuss in brief Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.

Acid: According to Arrhenius an acid is a hydrogen-containing substance which dissociates to give hydrogen ions (H⁺) in its aqueous solution. For example substances such as HCl, HNO₃, CH₃COOH are acids.

Acids such as HCl and HNO₃ which are almost completely ionised in aqueous solutions are known as strong acids, whereas acids such as CH₃COOH which are weakly ionised are called weak acids.

Base: According to Arrhenius, the base is a substance containing one or more hydroxide groups which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions (OH^–) in its aqueous solution.For example substances such as NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂ are bases.

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Short Answer Type

200.

What is the fate of proton in aqueous medium?

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