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Hydrocarbons

Short Answer Type

81.

What are petrochemicals?

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82.

Why is petroleum called liquid gold?

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83.

What does L.P.G. stand for?

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84.

What are gasoline additives?

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85.

What are the main constituents of LPG?

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86. What are alkanes and cycloalkanes ?

Alkanes. Alkanes are the saturated hydrocarbons. They contain only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. They are represented by the general formula.C_nH_2n+2(where n = 1, 2, 3, 4.......etc.). For example,

n = 1	CH₄	Methane
n = 2	C₂H₆	Ethane
n = 3	C₃H₈	Propane
n = 4	C₄H₁₀	Butane
n = 5	C₅H₁₂	Pentane
n = 6	C₆H₁₄	Hexane
n = 7	C₇H₁₆	Heptane
n = 8	C₈H₁₈	Octane
n = 9	C₉H₂₀	Nonane
n = 0	C₁₀H₂₂	Decane

Cycloalkanes: Saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons in which all the carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds are called cycloalkanes. These are represented by the formula C_nH_2n if they are monocyclic and C_nH_2n_₂in case they are bicyclic. For example,