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Short Answer Type

101. Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviatins from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.

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Long Answer Type

102. Show that the relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute in the solution?

Answer:
Raoult established that the lowering of vapour pressure depends only on the concentration of the solute particles and it is independent of their identity.
establishes a relation between vapour pressure ofthe solution, mole fraction and vapour pressure of the solvent, i.e.

Suppose 1 is solvent 2 is solute

P_{solution} = P_{1} = {P^{0}}_{1} X_{1}

Lowering of vapour pressure
=

∆ P = {P^{0}}_{1} X_{1}

Lower of vapour pressure

= ∆ P = {P^{0}}_{1} - P_{1} = {P^{0}}_{1} (1 - X_{1})

∆ P = {P^{0}}_{1} . X_{2}

\frac{∆ P}{{P_{1}}^{0}} = X_{2} .

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Short Answer Type

103. Which type of deviation is shown by the solution formed by mixing cyclohexane and ethanol?

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104. Why should a solution of a non-volatile solute boil at a higher temperature ? Draw the diagram to prove your point?

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105.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the change in vapour pressure of a solvent, when a non-volatile solute is added to it.
(b) Show that the change in boiling point of the solvent in this diagram?

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106. Illustrate elevation in boiling point with the help of vapour pressure temperature curve of a solution. Show that elevation in boiling point is a colligative property?

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