Short Answer Type
Long Answer TypeShort Answer Type(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the change in vapour pressure of a solvent, when a non-volatile solute is added to it.
(b) Show that the change in boiling point of the solvent in this diagram?
Answer:
The solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions. The ideal solutions have two other important properties. The enthalpy of mixing of the pure components to form the solution is zero and the volume of mixing is
also zero, i.e.,
ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0
ideal behaviour of the solutions can be explained by considering two components A and
B. In pure components, the intermolecular attractive interactions will be of types A-A and B-B, whereas in the binary solutions in addition
to these two interactions, A-B type of interactions will also be present.
If the intermolecular attractive forces between the A-A and B-B are nearly equal to those between A-B, this leads to the formation of ideal
solution. example are Solution of n-hexane and n-heptane, bromoethane and chloroethane, benzene and toluene, etc
When a solution does not obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration, then it is called non-ideal solution.
example Mixtures of ethanol and acetone.
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