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Long Answer Type

111. Define vapour pressure of a liquid. What happens to the vapour pressure of a liquid when (a) a volatile solute dissolves in it and (b) a non-volatile solute dissolves in it?

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Short Answer Type

112. What is osmotic pressure? How is it dependent on the number of moles of a solute?

137 Views

113. State Raoult’s law. If AT is the elevation of boiling point of a solvent and m is the number of moles of solute per kg of solvent, what is the realationship between T and m?

247 Views

114.

(a) What are non-ideal solution?
(b) What role does the molecular interaction play in deciding the vapour pressure of solutions (i) alcohol and kerosene (ii) Chloroform and acetone.

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115. Why do colligative properties of an electrolyte solution of a given concentration are found to be larger than those of a non-electrolyte solution of the same concentration?

Answer:

The colligative properties of solution depend on the total number of solute particles present in solution. Since the electrolytes ionise and give more than one particle per formula unit in solution, the colligative effect of an electrolyte solution is always greater than that of a non-electrolyte of the same molar concentration.

Discrepancies arise when solute particles are present in either associated or in the dissociated form. Consider benzoic acid molecules present as dimers in C₆H₆. The number of solute particles is half, therefore value of T_ffor benzoic acid (dissolved in benzene) would be half the normal value. During dissociation of NaCl into Na⁺ and CI^–1 ions in aqueous solution, presence of twice the number of ions cause a doubling of depression/elevation (AT) of freezing/boiling point.

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116. Explain the following phenomena:
(i) Hemolysis
(ii) Crenation.

208 Views

117. Why do we observe abnormal molecular masses?

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118. How does osmotic pressure depend on molality of the solution?

179 Views

Long Answer Type

119. The molar mass of acetic acid determined from the measurement of a colligative property is greater than its formula molar mass. Explain why?

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Short Answer Type

120. Explain why solvent-solvent, solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions are important in determining the extent to which a solute dissolves in a solvent.

165 Views