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Short Answer Type

121. A peeled egg when dipped in water swells, while in saturated salt solution it shrinks. Why?

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122. Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(i) n-hexane and n-octane.
(ii) I₂ and CCl_4.(iii) NaCl O₄ and water.
(iv) methanol and acetone.
(v) acetonitrite (CH₃ CN) and acetone (C₃H₆O).

Answer:

(i) The intermolecular attractive forces between the A-A and B-B are nearly equal to those between A-B.
(ii) A-B interactions are weaker than those between A-A or B-B.
(iii) A-B interactions are more than those between A-A and B-B.
(iv) A-B interactions are less than A-A and B-B interactions.
(v) A-B interactions are more than A-A and B-B interactions.

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123. Based on solute-solvent interactions, arrange the following in order of increasing solubility in n-octane and explain cyclohexane, KCl, CH₃OH, CH₃CN.

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124. The depression in freezing point of water observed for the same amount of acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroaacetic acid increases in the order given. Explain briefly.

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125.

Vapour pressures of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 k are 741.8 nm Hg and 632.8 mm Hg respectively. Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot P_total , P_chlroform and P_acelone as a function of X_actone. The experimental date observed for different composition of mixture is:

100 x x_acetone

11.8

23.8

36.0

50.8

58.2

64.5

72.1

P_acetone / mm Hg

54.9

110.1

202.4

327.7

405.9

454.1

521.1

P_chloroform/ mm Hg

632.8

548.1

469.4

359.7

257.7

193.6

161.2

120.7

Plot this data also on the same graph paper, indicate whether it has positive deviation or negative deviation from the ideal solution.

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Long Answer Type

126. State Raoult’s law for solutions of volatile liquid components. Taking a suit example, explain the meaning of positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

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Short Answer Type

127. State the law co-relating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a liquid. State an application of this law.

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Long Answer Type

128. Define the term “osmotic pressure”. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined on the basis of osmotic pressure measurement.

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Short Answer Type

129. Concentrated nitric acid used in the laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution. What should be molarity of such sample of the acid if the density of solution is 1.504 g mL^–1?

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Long Answer Type

130. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% W/W, what would be the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of the solution is 1.2 g mL^–1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?

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