131.

In terms of band theory, what is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

Solution:

Molecular orbirals of metals are formed by atomic orbitals. These orbitals are so close to each other as they form band or valence band.

(i) Difference between conductor and insulator - In conductors there is no energy gap between the valence band, which facilitates the flow of electrons easily under an applied electric field and metals show conductivity.

While in insulators there is large energy gap between the valence band and electrons cannot jump to it i.e. large energy gap prevents the flow of electricity.

(ii)Difference between conductors and semiconductor - In conductors there is no energy gap between the valence band and conduction band, which facilitates the flow of electrons easily under an applied electric field and metals show conductivity.

While in semi conductors, there is small energy gap between valence bond and conduction band. The small gap between band facilitates some electrons to jump to the conduction band by acquiring extra energy.