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Transition element exhibit colour due to d-d transition. d-d tansition is possible only when d- subshell have unpaired electron. In Cu 2+ salts (3d 9 ) d–d transition is possible. Therefore Cu 2+ salts are coloured. In Zn 2+ salts (3d 10 ) no. d–d transition is possible due to completely filled d-orbitals. Hence Zn 2+ salts are white.

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The d-And-f-Block Elements

Short Answer Type

181.

Explain the following facts:
Transition metals form coloured complexes.

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182.

Give reasons:
Among transition metals, the highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.

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183.

Give reasons:
Ce⁴⁺ is used as an oxidising agent in volumetric analysis.

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184.
Give reasons:
Zn²⁺ salts are white while Cu²⁺ salts are blue.

Transition element exhibit colour due to d-d transition. d-d tansition is possible only when d- subshell have unpaired electron. In Cu²⁺ salts (3d⁹) d–d transition is possible. Therefore Cu²⁺ salts are coloured.
In Zn²⁺ salts (3d¹⁰) no. d–d transition is possible due to completely filled d-orbitals. Hence Zn²⁺ salts are white.

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185.

Why La, Gd and Lu has low value of 3rd ionisation enthalpies?

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186. Why is cerium a good analytical reagent?

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187. Given below are the electrode potential values, E° for some of the first row of transition elements:
Elements V(23) Cr(24) Mn(25)Fe(26)Co(27)Ni(28) Cu(29)
E°_M²⁺/M(V) –1.18 – 0.91 – 0.44 – 0.28 –0.28 –0.25 +0.34
Explain the irregularities in these values on the basis of electronic structures of atoms.

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