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The d-And-f-Block Elements

Short Answer Type

191.

Why Am and Cm have exceptional configuration in actinoids?

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Long Answer Type

192. Write the main differences in lanthanides and actinides.

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Short Answer Type

193. Why the actinoids show more variable oxidation states than lanthanoids?

In actinoids, the progressively filling 5f subshell is shielded and is far from the nucleus in comparison to the 4f subshell. Moreover the difference of the energy between 5f 6d and 7s is small. The energy are decided on the basis of (n+1) rule Orbital are as
5f =5+3=8
6d =6+2 =8
7s=7+1 =8
All value comes out same. Hence they have same energy.
Hence, the electrons from 5f subshell takes part in reaction and they all show variable oxidation state.

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