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Thermodynamics

Long Answer Type

181.

Explain the origin of enthalpy change in a direction. interest

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182. What do you mean by enthalpy (heat) of reaction? Name the factors that influence the enthalpy of reaction.

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Short Answer Type

183.

What is standard enthalpy change (∆_rH⁰) of a reaction?

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184. What do you mean by enthalpy (heat) of combustion? Give three examples.

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185.
What do you mean by the standard enthalpy of combustion?

Standard enthalpy of combustion is defined as the enthalpy per mole of the substance, all the reactants and products being in their standard states i.e. at 298K and 1 bar pressure. It is denoted by ∆_CH°.

(i) Combustion of butane:

(ii) Combustion of glucose:

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186. Combustion of glucose is according to the following reaction:

straight C subscript 6 straight H subscript 12 straight O subscript 6 left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis space plus space 6 straight O subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space rightwards arrow space space 6 CO subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space plus space 6 straight H subscript 2 straight O left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis semicolon space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space increment straight H space equals space minus 250 space kJ

How much heat energy is needed for the formation of 1.8g of glucose?

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187. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to CO₂ is –393.5 kJ mol^–1. Calculate the heat released upon formation of 35.2 g of CO₂ from carbon and dioxygen gas.

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188.

What will be the amount of heat evolved when 39 gm of C₆H₆(l) are burnt? Given that:
$straight C subscript 6 straight H subscript 6 left parenthesis straight l right parenthesis space plus space 15 over 2 straight O subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space space rightwards arrow space space 3 straight H subscript 2 straight O left parenthesis straight l right parenthesis space plus space 6 CO subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis semicolon increment straight H space equals space minus 3264.6 space kJ space mol to the power of negative 1 end exponent$

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189.

How much heat is evolved when 204g of ammonia are produced according to the equation,

$space straight N subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space plus space 3 straight H subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis space rightwards arrow space space 2 NH subscript 3 left parenthesis straight g right parenthesis semicolon space increment straight H space equals space 92.6 space kJ$