Integrin molecules link extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton of cells. Integrin binds to which of the following ECM macromolecules?

• Laminin

• Collagen

• Fibronectin

• Vitronectin

CD19 is a marker for

• B-cells

• T-cells

• Macrophages

• NK cells

Which one of the following matches of oncogene-protein product is NOT correct?

• erbA- thyroid hormone receptor

• erbB- epidermal growth factor receptor

• ras- guanine nucleotide-binding protein with GTPase  activity

• fos  - platelet-derived growth factor receptor.        

Upon ligand binding, cell surface receptors move laterally to be capped and internalized. Leishmania a protozoan parasite, can use several receptors on macrophages to get internalized. One of them is Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) that binds lipophosphoglycan on Leishmania. Once internalized, the parasite is destroyed in the phagolysosome. Which of the following treatments of Leishmania-infected macrophages will result in parasite number in macrophages?

• Membrane cholesterol-depleting drug, β-methyl cyclodextrin (β-MCD).

• Ammonium chloride that increases lysosomal pH.

• Both β-MCD and ammonium chloride.     

• Anti-TLR2 antibody.

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are termed as cancer-critical genes. Increasingly powerful tools are now available for systematically searching the DNA or mRNAs of cancer cells for either significant mutations or altered expression. To identify independently an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene, which of the following would be the most convincing tests to use?

• Transgenic mice that overexpress the candidate oncogene and knockout mice that lack the candidate tumor suppressor gene.     

• Transgenic mice that overexpress the candidate tumor suppressor gene and knockout mice that lack candidate oncogene.

• Transgenic mice that overexpress the candidate oncogene and tumor suppressor gene.

• Knockout mice that lack the candidate oncogene and tumor suppressor gene.

Which of the following is NOT associated with insulin action?

• Increased glucose transport

• Increased glycogen formation

• Enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue

• Decreased rate of gluconeogenesis

When adenoma is converted to metastatic adenocarcinoma, which of the following combination of proteins is almost certainly to be degraded?

• Type IV collagen and lamanin

• Fibronectin and β₂ integrin

• Metalloprotease and serine protease

• Elastin and selectin

Which of the following is considered to be a combined B- and T-cell deficiency?

• Ataxia-telangiectasia

• Swiss type agammaglobulinemia

• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

• Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

49.

Four groups of mice were studied for the factor required for mast cell generation: IL-3-deficient, GM-CSF-deficient, G-CSF-deficient, and erythropoietin-deficient. In which mice, mast cell generation is most likely to be deficient?

• IL-3-deficient

• GM-CSF-deficient

• G-CSF-deficient

• Erythropoietin-deficient

The size of red blood cells (RBC) in venous blood is greater than that of arterial blood. This increased size of red blood cell in the venous blood is due to

• the increased permeability of red blood cell (RBC) membrane

• the decreased osmotic pressure in plasma

• the increased osmotic pressure in RBC

• the dissociation of cytoskeletal proteins in RBC