A new mutant called early ripening (EL) is identified in a plant. The wild type phenotype is late-ripening (LR). Further, DNA marker(s) is/ are observed to be polymorphic between EL and LR plants. A cross was made between pure lines of LR and ER. The F₁ and progeny were test crossed and its progeny was analyzed. The parental, F₁ and progeny of testcross were analyzed for the DNA marker. The table below summarizes the phenotype of the progeny and the pattern of DNA marker observed in each case:

Based on the above information, the following statements were made:

A. LR is dominant to ER

B. The DNA marker used is a dominant marker.

C. The DNA marker is linked to the phenotype.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• A only

• A and B only

• A and C only

• A, B, and C only

Which one of the following microscopes would you use to visualize a protein fused to an appropriate reporter in a living cell?

• Fluorescence microscope

• Scanning electron microscope

• Differential interference contrast microscope.

• Phase-contrast microscope

Which one of the following statements regarding use of hybrid nucleases for plant genome engineering is INCORRECT?

• For gene knock out experiments, the nuclease is expressed without a donor DNA template.

• Hybrid nucleases typically comprise two protein subunits that dimerize at their nuclease domain.

• Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) can efficiently target all nuclear genes with equal efficiency.

• Both ZFNs and TALENs are fused with cleavage domains of FokI endonuclease.

Which of the following host systems is best suited to express large amounts of glycosylated to express large amounts of glycosylated protein for structural studies?

• GST fusion protein in E. coli

• His-tagged protein in E. coli

• native protein in baculovirus

• Native protein in Pseudomonas fluorescens

Which of the following statements about YACs is FALSE?

• YACs can carry DNA fragments of 1 Mb.

• A single yeast may contain more than one YAC.

• Rearrangements in YACs are rare because recombination is poor in yeast.

• YACs have to be transferred to bacteria for subsequent DNA manipulations.

A construct (shown below) was generated to access the activity of bidirectional promoter (A and B) which has a common regulatory DNA element (X). The construct was used to transform E. coli.

The activity of the promoter (as shown in the graph below) is recorded in the presence of increasing levels of an E. coli encoded regulatory protein which binds to DNA element X.

The above experiment is repeated in a mutant E. coli with mutation which abolishes binding of the regulatory protein to element X. Which one of the following graphs best depicts the activity of the reporter genes in the mutant strain?

An intron was cloned within a transposable element. Absence of the intron following transposition of the element, will indicate that it 

• follows conservative mode of transposition

• follows replicative mode of transposition

•  is a retrotransposon 

• is an insertion element 

In a sample from a population there were 65 individuals with BB genotype, 30 individuals with Bb genotype and 15 individuals with bb genotype. The frequency of the ‘b’ allele is

• 0.59

• 0.27

• 0.41

• 0.73

The MALDI mass spectrum of a peptide gave a single peak with M/z of 2000. The ESI mass spectrum of the same peptide gave multiple peaks. These observations indicate that

• degradation has occurred while acquiring ESI mass spectrum

• multiple charged species of the same compound are observed in the ESI spectrum

• the sample is impure

• ESI induces polymerization of the peptide 

Protein conformational dynamics CANNOT be determined by which one of the following techniques

•  NMR spectroscopy 

• Differential scanning calorimetry 

• Mass spectroscopy 

• Fluorescence microscopic