The time taken for atrial systole and diastole in a normal heart are T_as and t_ad  seconds, respectively. If ventricular systole takes t_vs seconds, calculate the ventricular diastolic time (seconds)

• (t_as + t_ad)-t_vs

• (t_as + t_ad)+=t_vs

• (t_ad - t_as) - t_vs

• (t_as + t_ad)×t_vs

A patient undergoes liver transplantation and during the course of postoperative treatment, becomes susceptible to infection. The patient can be treated in two different modes and can have alternative outcomes. Which of the following statements is correct?

• Treatment with inmmuno‐stimulatory drugs reducing the infection but rejecting the transplant

• Treatment with immune‐stimulatory drugs reducing the infection and retaining the transplant

• Treatment with antibiotics reducing the infection but retaining the transplant

• Treatment with antibiotics reducing the infection but rejecting the transplant

Spinal cord of an animal was transected at C1/C2 level. The respiration of the animal stopped and it needed artificial respiration. However, the heart continued to beat although at a slower rate. Some of the explanations given were:
A. Respiration regulatory centre is located in the medulla
B. Respiration regulatory centre is located above the C1/C2 cut
C. Hear regulatory centre is above the C1/C2 cut
D. Heart has auto‐regulation
Which of the following is most appropriate?

• A only

• B and C only

• A, B and D only

• B, C, and D only

An organism having heart for circulation excretes through green glands. It has several ganglia and tractile organs on its body and its larval form is very different than its adult form. This organism most likely to respire by:
A. Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through an extensive tracheal system
B. Gaseous exchange over thinner areas of cuticle or by gills.
C. An efficient tracheal system that delivers oxygen directly to the tissues
D. A double transport system, where the circulating fluid contains a dissolved respiratory pigment

Choose the correct option

• A and C

• only D

• Only B

• B and D

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can be potentially used as therapeutic agents. The major advantage is that they can specifically target aberrant cells. However, there is a practical difficulty. Monoclonal are raised in mouse and therefore it is expected that an immune reaction will develop if these are injected into humans. It is therefore necessary to humanize monoclonal antibody by

• Expressing the genes for the mAb in cultured human cells and isolating the mAb from these cells

• Replacing the Fv region of a mAb with one derived from a human IgG

• Replacing CL and CH regions of the mAb with that obtained from human IgG

• Taking a human IgG and replacing the CDRs by those derived from the mouse mAb

Living beings get energy from food through the process of aerobic respiration. One of the reactants is

• Carbon dioxide

• Water vapour

• Oxygen

• Phosphorus

An overweight person runs 4 km everyday as an exercise. After losing 20% of his body weight, if he has to run the same distance in the same time, the energy expenditure would be

• 20% more    

• The same asearlier

• 20% less

• 40% less     

A bell is rung before giving food to a dog. After doing this continuously for 10 days, which of the following is most likely to happen?

• The dog learns to ignore the bell.   

• The dog salivates on hearing the bell.  

• The dog ignores food and runs towards the bell.

• The dog will not eat food without hearing the bell.   

The blastopore region of amphibian embryo that secretes BMP inhibitors and dorsalizes the surrounding tissue is known as

• Brachet’s cleft  

• Nieuwkoop center  

• Spemann’s organizer  

• Hensen’s node   

Which of the following waves is likely to be absent in a normal frog ECG?

• P

• Q

• T

• R