Which one of the following cells in the renal corpuscle can influence glomerular filtration by its contraction?

• Podocytes

• Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries

• Parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.

• Mesangial cells

72.

Lens formation requires sequential events whereby the anterior neural plate signals the anterior ectoderm to promote secretion of Pax 6, which renders the anterior ectoderm more receptive to secretions from the optic vesicle. The above can be explained by which of the following phenomenon?

• Instructive interactions only

• Epithelial-Mesenchymal interactions

• Permissive interactions

• Induction and competence

The S wave of normal human ECG originates due to

• septal and left ventricular depolarization.

• late depolarization of the ventricular walls moving back toward the AV junction.

• left to right septal depolarization

• repolarization of the atrium.

Which one of the following skeletal muscles of the human body contains the highest number of muscle fibre in a motor unit?

• Muscles of hand

• Extraocular muscles

• Muscles of leg

• Muscles of face

In which of the following conditions is Basal Metabolic Rate (MBR) the lowest?

• Awake and resting

• Prolonged starvation

• Sleep

• Higher environmental temperature

In high altitude, hypoxia induces increased number of circulating red blood cells, which can be explained by the following changes:

A. The transcription factors, HIFs, are produced.

B. Erythropoietin secretion is increased.

C. Myoglobin content is decreased.

D. Cytochrome oxidase is decreased.

Which one of the following is NOT true?

• Only A 

• A and B

• B and C

•  C and D

The mechanism of sound localization in a horizontal plane by the human auditory system can be explained by

A. the difference in time between the arrival of stimulus in two ears.

B. the difference in phase of the sound waves on two ears.

C. the difference in tuning curves of two auditory nerves.

D. the activity of neurons in the superior olivary nucleus, but not by the neuronal activity of auditory cortex.

Which one of the following is NOT correct?

• Only A

• A and B

• B and C

• C and D

During physical exercise, the oxygen supply to the active muscles is increased, which has been explained by the following statements:

A. Po₂ declines and Pco₂ rises in the active muscles.

B. The temperature is increased and pH is decreased in active muscles.

C. 2, 3-biphosphoglycerate is decreased in RBC and P₅₀ rises.

D. Metabolites accumulating in the active muscles increase the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen.

Which one of the following is NOT correct?

• A only

• A and B

• B and C

• C and D

Which of the following is true about the Digestion Efficiency (DE) (assimilation/ consumption) and Ecological Efficiency (EE) (production/ consumption) of ectotherms and endotherms?

• Endotherms have a high DE ad ectotherms have a high EE.

• Endotherms have a low DE ad ectotherms have a high EE.

• Endotherms have a high DE ad ectotherms have a low EE.

• Endotherms have a low DE ad ectotherms have a low EE.

Factor IX is essential for blood clotting. Deficiency of Factor IX could be corrected by delivering factor IX gene using viral vectors. In an experiment the gene for Factor IX was cloned appropriately into Adenovirus (AV), Adeno-associated virus (AAV) and Retrovirus (RV). Retrovirus integrate the gene into the dividing cells. AAV integrates partially into non-dividing cells. AV does not integrate the gene but tranfects both dividing and non-dividing cells.

Following expression profile for Factor IX was observed when the three vectors were injected intra-muscularly into three groups of experimental mice.

Which one of the following outcomes is corrcet?

• a by RV; b by AV; c by AAV

• a by AV; b by AAV; c by RV

• a by AAV; b by RV; c by AV

• a by AV; b by RV; c by AAV