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Two related but geographically isolated species are known as

• sibling species

• sympatric species

• taxonomic species

• allopatric species

The overlapping zone in between two ecosystems is known as

• ecozone

• biotope

• ecotone

• buffer zone

The animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning is known as

• edge species

• pioneer species

• keystone species

• umbrella species

Match the items in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer.

Column I	Column II
A. Thiobacillus	1. Nitrogen- fixation
B. Nitrosomonas	2. Ammonification
C. Azotobacter	3. Nitrification
D. Pseudomonas	4. Denitrification

• A- 4; B- 3; C- 1; D- 2

• A- 3; B- 4; C- 1; D- 2

• A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4

Match the following column I with column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Pollen grains	1. Photochemical smog
B. PAN	2. Particulate pollution
C. CO2	3. Global warming
D. Cadmium	4. Itai- itai disease

• A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4

• A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 1; B- 2; C- 3; D- 4

• A- 3; B- 1; C- 2; D- 4

Match the following column I with column II

Column I	Column II
A. Cytology	1. Study of fossils
B. Entomology	2. Study of cells
C. Palaentology	3. Study of birds
D. Ornithology	4. Study of insects

• A- 2; B- 3; C- 4; D- 1

• A- 2; B- 4; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 1; B- 2; C- 4; D- 3

• A- 3; B- 2; C- 1; D- 4

Match the following column I with column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Producer	1. Herbivores
B. Primary consumer	2. Green plants
C. Secondary consumers	3. Saprotrophs
D. Decomposer	4. Carnivores

• A- 1; B- 2; C- 3; D- 4

• A- 2; B- 1; C- 4; D- 3

• A- 2; B- 4; C- 3; D- 1

• A- 3; B- 2; C- 1; D- 4

Pyramid of biomass is more real than the pyramid of number; because

• The former take the size of individuals into consideration, but the later does not

• Number of individuals are easier to count than calculating biomass

• Less number of parameters are considered in the former, but the later accounts the whole existing conditions

• The former may be inverted in some cases, but the later is always upright

The number of taxa present in a particular area of an ecosystem is

• $\mathrm{\alpha }$- diversity

• $\mathrm{\beta }$- diversity

• $\mathrm{\gamma }$- diversity

• $\mathrm{\delta }$- diversity

Read the following statements.

I. Ocean acts as the global sink for CO₂.

II. The atmospheric input of carbon from rainfall is greater.

III. Carbon gas is exchanged between organisms and atmosphere during respiration.

IV. Human activities are increasing CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere.

Choose the incorrect options.

• Only I

• II and IV

• Only III

• None of the above