641.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

                                        Cyber Bogeys

The cyber-world is ultimately ungovernable. This is alarming as well as convenient, sometimes, convenient because alarming. Some Indian politicians use this to great advantage. When there is an obvious failure in governance during a crisis they deflect attention from their own incompetence towards the ungovernable. So, having failed to prevent nervous citizens from fleeing their cities of work by assuring them of proper protection, some national leaders are now busy trying to prove to one another and to panic-prone Indians, that a mischievous neighbor has been using the internet and social networking sites to spread dangerous rumors. And the Centre's automatic reaction is to start blocking these sites and begin elaborate and potentially endless negotiations with google, Twitter and facebook about access to information If this is the official idea of prompt action at a time of crisis among communities, then Indians have more reason to fear their protectors that the nebulous mischief-makers of the cyber-world. Wasting time gathering proof, blocking vaguely suspicious websites, hurling accusations across the border and worrying about bilateral relations are ways of keeping busy with inessentials because one does not quite know what to do about the essentials of a difficult situation. Besides, only a fifth of the 245 websites blocked by the Centre mention the people of the North- East or the violence in Assam. And if a few morphed images and spurious texts can unsettle an entire nation, then there is something deeply wrong with the nation and with how it is being governed. This is what its leaders should be addressing immediately, rather than making a wrongheaded display of their powers of censorship.

It is just as absurd and part of the same syndrome, to try to ban Twitter accounts that parody despatches from the Prime Minister's Office. To describe such forms of humour and dissent as misrepresenting the PMO- as if Twitterers would take these parodies for genuine despatches from the PMO- makes the PMO look more ridiculous than its parodists manage to. With the precedent for such action set recently by the chief Minister of West Bengal, This is yet another proof that what Bengal thinks today India will think tomorrow. Using the cyber - world for flexing the wrong muscles is essentially not funny. It might even prove to be quite dangerously distracting.

The following is a list of statements made by the author of the above passage. Pick the odd one out.

• It is absurd to ban Twitter accounts that parody despatches from the Prime Minister's Office

• Twitterers take these parodies for genuine despatches from the PMO

• To describe such forms of humour as 'misrepresenting' the PMO makes the PMO look more ridiculous

• The precedent for such action was set recently by the Chief Minister of West Bengal

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

                                        Cyber Bogeys

The cyber-world is ultimately ungovernable. This is alarming as well as convenient, sometimes, convenient because alarming. Some Indian politicians use this to great advantage. When there is an obvious failure in governance during a crisis they deflect attention from their own incompetence towards the ungovernable. So, having failed to prevent nervous citizens from fleeing their cities of work by assuring them of proper protection, some national leaders are now busy trying to prove to one another and to panic-prone Indians, that a mischievous neighbor has been using the internet and social networking sites to spread dangerous rumors. And the Centre's automatic reaction is to start blocking these sites and begin elaborate and potentially endless negotiations with google, Twitter and facebook about access to information If this is the official idea of prompt action at a time of crisis among communities, then Indians have more reason to fear their protectors that the nebulous mischief-makers of the cyber-world. Wasting time gathering proof, blocking vaguely suspicious websites, hurling accusations across the border and worrying about bilateral relations are ways of keeping busy with inessentials because one does not quite know what to do about the essentials of a difficult situation. Besides, only a fifth of the 245 websites blocked by the Centre mention the people of the North- East or the violence in Assam. And if a few morphed images and spurious texts can unsettle an entire nation, then there is something deeply wrong with the nation and with how it is being governed. This is what its leaders should be addressing immediately, rather than making a wrongheaded display of their powers of censorship.

It is just as absurd and part of the same syndrome, to try to ban Twitter accounts that parody despatches from the Prime Minister's Office. To describe such forms of humour and dissent as misrepresenting the PMO- as if Twitterers would take these parodies for genuine despatches from the PMO- makes the PMO look more ridiculous than its parodists manage to. With the precedent for such action set recently by the chief Minister of West Bengal, This is yet another proof that what Bengal thinks today India will think tomorrow. Using the cyber - world for flexing the wrong muscles is essentially not funny. It might even prove to be quite dangerously distracting.

The author's seriousness regarding the situation can best be described in the following sentences. Pick the odd one out.

• Our leaders should display their powers of censorship when needed

• If this is the official idea of prompt action at a time of crisis among communities, then Indians have more reason to fear their protectors than the nebulous mischief-maker of the cyber-world

• The politicians deflect attention from their own incompetence

• If a few morphed images and spurious texts can unsettle an entire nation, then there is something deeply wrong with the nation

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

The World Health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948. International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether. Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.

'It is a specialized agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948'. Here specialized means

• made suitable for a particular purpose

• expert

• extraordinary

• uncommon

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

The World Health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948. International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether. Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.

'International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields'. Here International means

• belonging to the whole world

• drawn from all countries of the world

• believing in cooperation among nations

• belonging to an organization which has something to do with different nations

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

The World Health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948. International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether. Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.

'They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.' Here they stands for

• deserts

• rice fields

• international health workers

• jungles

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

The World Health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948. International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether. Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.

'WHO assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether'. The above sentence implies that

• WHO assists many others in addition to the national health authorities

• WHO assists more in preventing disease than in controlling them

• WHO assists in controlling diseases only if they have not been prevented

• WHO assists both in controlling diseases and in preventing them

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

The World Health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948. International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether. Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.

'Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways'. The author has given illustrations of

• only two such ways

• only one such way

• more than two such ways

• None of the above ways

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

Why don't I have a telephone? Not because I pretend to be wise or pose as unusual. There are two chief reasons; because I don't really like the telephone and because I find I can still work and play, eat, breathe, and sleep Without it. Why don't I like the telephone? Because I think it is a pest and time waster. It may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call, that doesn't come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged. As for speaking in a public telephone booth, it seems to me really horrible. You would not use it unless you were in a hurry and because you are in a hurry, you will find other people waiting before you. When you do get into the booth, you are half suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavored with cheap face-powder and chain-smoking and by the time you have begun your conversation your back is chilled by the cold looks of somebody who is moving about restlessly to take your place.

If you have a telephone in your house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself. 'Ah well, it will be all the same in hundred years time'. You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, of chewing from the table, or dazed from bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number? You were told the truth. In my opinion, all telephone numbers are wrong numbers. If, of course, your telephone rings and you decided not to answer it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in what is supposed to be the privacy of your own home. You might as well buy a bicycle bell and ring it yourself.

The author does not have a telephone because

• he pretends to be wise

• he poses as unusual

• he would prefer to do something else

• he thinks that it can create unnecessary suspense and anxiety

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

Why don't I have a telephone? Not because I pretend to be wise or pose as unusual. There are two chief reasons; because I don't really like the telephone and because I find I can still work and play, eat, breathe, and sleep Without it. Why don't I like the telephone? Because I think it is a pest and time waster. It may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call, that doesn't come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged. As for speaking in a public telephone booth, it seems to me really horrible. You would not use it unless you were in a hurry and because you are in a hurry, you will find other people waiting before you. When you do get into the booth, you are half suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavored with cheap face-powder and chain-smoking and by the time you have begun your conversation your back is chilled by the cold looks of somebody who is moving about restlessly to take your place.

If you have a telephone in your house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself. 'Ah well, it will be all the same in hundred years time'. You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, of chewing from the table, or dazed from bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number? You were told the truth. In my opinion, all telephone numbers are wrong numbers. If, of course, your telephone rings and you decided not to answer it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in what is supposed to be the privacy of your own home. You might as well buy a bicycle bell and ring it yourself.

He hates speaking in a public telephone booth because

• it is costlier

• he is suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavoured with cheap face powder and chain-smoking

• other look at him angrily

• the other side may not know your number

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the following question out of the four alternatives.

Why don't I have a telephone? Not because I pretend to be wise or pose as unusual. There are two chief reasons; because I don't really like the telephone and because I find I can still work and play, eat, breathe, and sleep Without it. Why don't I like the telephone? Because I think it is a pest and time waster. It may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call, that doesn't come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged. As for speaking in a public telephone booth, it seems to me really horrible. You would not use it unless you were in a hurry and because you are in a hurry, you will find other people waiting before you. When you do get into the booth, you are half suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavored with cheap face-powder and chain-smoking and by the time you have begun your conversation your back is chilled by the cold looks of somebody who is moving about restlessly to take your place.

If you have a telephone in your house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself. 'Ah well, it will be all the same in hundred years time'. You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, of chewing from the table, or dazed from bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number? You were told the truth. In my opinion, all telephone numbers are wrong numbers. If, of course, your telephone rings and you decided not to answer it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in what is supposed to be the privacy of your own home. You might as well buy a bicycle bell and ring it yourself.

..........your back is chilled by the cold looks of somebody means

• others look at your angrily

• you feel cold at the back

• you feel uneasy because the person next in the queue

• people are very cold