If you were to ask 20 people the meaning of physical fitness, you would get 20 different answers. Fitness is all things to all people, a precious commodity which enables us to live our lives to the full yet is really cherished only when it begins to fade away. To an older person, it might be the feeling of youthful vigour, to an athlete the capacity to run a mile in four minutes, to a stenographer ability to type for eight hours at a stretch without developing aching shoulder muscles. To a coach it is something which comes with training, to a physician, it is a functional state of the body defined in technical terms.
It is all these things and more. It is strength, flexibility, ability, power, speed, and muscular and cardiovascular endurance. It is the ability to enjoy our daily lives and to achieve our goals without undue fatigue or stress. It is having a reserve of physical stamina and strength for safety and the enjoyment of leisure activities. It is protection against degenerative diseases and feeling physically youthful even when we are growing old. Fitness is active, not passive. Yet recent decades have seen a quantum leap in the number of devices which help us to avoid effort and movement, the two key ingredients in physical fitness. We can no longer take fitness for granted, as could people of an earlier era, because the automatic movements which should maintain its walking, carrying, pushing, running, jumping, digging, lifting are gradually becoming unnecessary. We don't have to get to our feet to change television programmes. It's only human to take advantage of shortcuts. But even though many of us are beginning to recognise the need to combat the rising toll of degenerative diseases and the decrease in capacity for activities which require effort, all too often we still look for a button to push. We want to get fit without having to work at it and without making changes in our lifestyles. This is not possible.

Take for granted' means

• To value someone or something too lightly.

• To appreciate the value of something.

• Both (1) and (2) are correct

• Both (1) and (2) are incorrect.

If you were to ask 20 people the meaning of physical fitness, you would get 20 different answers. Fitness is all things to all people, a precious commodity which enables us to live our lives to the full yet is really cherished only when it begins to fade away. To an older person, it might be the feeling of youthful vigour, to an athlete the capacity to run a mile in four minutes, to a stenographer ability to type for eight hours at a stretch without developing aching shoulder muscles. To a coach it is something which comes with training, to a physician, it is a functional state of the body defined in technical terms.
It is all these things and more. It is strength, flexibility, ability, power, speed, and muscular and cardiovascular endurance. It is the ability to enjoy our daily lives and to achieve our goals without undue fatigue or stress. It is having a reserve of physical stamina and strength for safety and the enjoyment of leisure activities. It is protection against degenerative diseases and feeling physically youthful even when we are growing old. Fitness is active, not passive. Yet recent decades have seen a quantum leap in the number of devices which help us to avoid effort and movement, the two key ingredients in physical fitness. We can no longer take fitness for granted, as could people of an earlier era, because the automatic movements which should maintain its walking, carrying, pushing, running, jumping, digging, lifting are gradually becoming unnecessary. We don't have to get to our feet to change television programmes. It's only human to take advantage of shortcuts. But even though many of us are beginning to recognise the need to combat the rising toll of degenerative diseases and the decrease in capacity for activities which require effort, all too often we still look for a button to push. We want to get fit without having to work at it and without making changes in our lifestyles. This is not possible.

The word 'vigour' means

• weakness

• lethargy

• vitality

• frailty.

If you were to ask 20 people the meaning of physical fitness, you would get 20 different answers. Fitness is all things to all people, a precious commodity which enables us to live our lives to the full yet is really cherished only when it begins to fade away. To an older person, it might be the feeling of youthful vigour, to an athlete the capacity to run a mile in four minutes, to a stenographer ability to type for eight hours at a stretch without developing aching shoulder muscles. To a coach it is something which comes with training, to a physician, it is a functional state of the body defined in technical terms.
It is all these things and more. It is strength, flexibility, ability, power, speed, and muscular and cardiovascular endurance. It is the ability to enjoy our daily lives and to achieve our goals without undue fatigue or stress. It is having a reserve of physical stamina and strength for safety and the enjoyment of leisure activities. It is protection against degenerative diseases and feeling physically youthful even when we are growing old. Fitness is active, not passive. Yet recent decades have seen a quantum leap in the number of devices which help us to avoid effort and movement, the two key ingredients in physical fitness. We can no longer take fitness for granted, as could people of an earlier era, because the automatic movements which should maintain its walking, carrying, pushing, running, jumping, digging, lifting are gradually becoming unnecessary. We don't have to get to our feet to change television programmes. It's only human to take advantage of shortcuts. But even though many of us are beginning to recognise the need to combat the rising toll of degenerative diseases and the decrease in capacity for activities which require effort, all too often we still look for a button to push. We want to get fit without having to work at it and without making changes in our lifestyles. This is not possible.

According to the passage, what has negatively affected our physical fitness?

• Walking, carrying, pushing, running, jumping, digging, lifting

• A quantum leap in the number of devices which help us to avoid effort and movement

• Both (A) and (B) are correct

• Both (A) and (B) are incorrect

If you were to ask 20 people the meaning of physical fitness, you would get 20 different answers. Fitness is all things to all people, a precious commodity which enables us to live our lives to the full yet is really cherished only when it begins to fade away. To an older person, it might be the feeling of youthful vigour, to an athlete the capacity to run a mile in four minutes, to a stenographer ability to type for eight hours at a stretch without developing aching shoulder muscles. To a coach it is something which comes with training, to a physician, it is a functional state of the body defined in technical terms.
It is all these things and more. It is strength, flexibility, ability, power, speed, and muscular and cardiovascular endurance. It is the ability to enjoy our daily lives and to achieve our goals without undue fatigue or stress. It is having a reserve of physical stamina and strength for safety and the enjoyment of leisure activities. It is protection against degenerative diseases and feeling physically youthful even when we are growing old. Fitness is active, not passive. Yet recent decades have seen a quantum leap in the number of devices which help us to avoid effort and movement, the two key ingredients in physical fitness. We can no longer take fitness for granted, as could people of an earlier era, because the automatic movements which should maintain its walking, carrying, pushing, running, jumping, digging, lifting are gradually becoming unnecessary. We don't have to get to our feet to change television programmes. It's only human to take advantage of shortcuts. But even though many of us are beginning to recognise the need to combat the rising toll of degenerative diseases and the decrease in capacity for activities which require effort, all too often we still look for a button to push. We want to get fit without having to work at it and without making changes in our lifestyles. This is not possible.

'All too often we still look for a button to push' means

• We love to do physical work

• we get on to our feet to change television programes

• We accept the need for fitness and make it a personal commitment

• We want to get fit without having to work at it and without making changes to our lifestyles

Read the passage and answer the questions.

People in the villages of Rajasthan lead a very simple life. Their way of living has not changed over the years. They live in circular huts. The walls of these huts are covered with cow-dung. Every hut has a small place for worship. The life of these people is full of difficulties. It is very hot in summers and cold in winters. Water is a major problem.

Sometimes they have to walk a long distance to get drinking water. For their agriculture, they depend on rain. But these people are very brave. They have learned to face difficulties and they never lose hope. They also like to enjoy their life. Women like to wear dresses full of bright colors. People living in villages in Rajasthan have a rich tradition of music and dance. The people of Rajasthan are very proud of their culture.

Which of the following words is a synonym for 'brave'?

• Hardworking

• Prosperous

• Valiant

• Enthusiastic

Read the passage and answer the questions.

People in the villages of Rajasthan lead a very simple life. Their way of living has not changed over the years. They live in circular huts. The walls of these huts are covered with cow-dung. Every hut has a small place for worship. The life of these people is full of difficulties. It is very hot in summers and cold in winters. Water is a major problem.

Sometimes they have to walk a long distance to get drinking water. For their agriculture, they depend on rain. But these people are very brave. They have learned to face difficulties and they never lose hope. They also like to enjoy their life. Women like to wear dresses full of bright colors. People living in villages in Rajasthan have a rich tradition of music and dance. The people of Rajasthan are very proud of their culture.

The antonym of 'bright' is

• colourful

• dull

• transparent

• dark

Read the passage and answer the questions.

People in the villages of Rajasthan lead a very simple life. Their way of living has not changed over the years. They live in circular huts. The walls of these huts are covered with cow-dung. Every hut has a small place for worship. The life of these people is full of difficulties. It is very hot in summers and cold in winters. Water is a major problem.

Sometimes they have to walk a long distance to get drinking water. For their agriculture, they depend on rain. But these people are very brave. They have learned to face difficulties and they never lose hope. They also like to enjoy their life. Women like to wear dresses full of bright colors. People living in villages in Rajasthan have a rich tradition of music and dance. The people of Rajasthan are very proud of their culture.

Which of the following words is correctly spelled?

• Immediate

• Imimediate

• Immedieta

• Imediate

Read the passage and answer the questions.

People in the villages of Rajasthan lead a very simple life. Their way of living has not changed over the years. They live in circular huts. The walls of these huts are covered with cow-dung. Every hut has a small place for worship. The life of these people is full of difficulties. It is very hot in summers and cold in winters. Water is a major problem.

Sometimes they have to walk a long distance to get drinking water. For their agriculture, they depend on rain. But these people are very brave. They have learned to face difficulties and they never lose hope. They also like to enjoy their life. Women like to wear dresses full of bright colors. People living in villages in Rajasthan have a rich tradition of music and dance. The people of Rajasthan are very proud of their culture.

'Their way of living' can be replaced with the word

• livelihood

• liveliness

• lifelike

• lifestyle

Read the passage and answer the questions.

People in the villages of Rajasthan lead a very simple life. Their way of living has not changed over the years. They live in circular huts. The walls of these huts are covered with cow-dung. Every hut has a small place for worship. The life of these people is full of difficulties. It is very hot in summers and cold in winters. Water is a major problem.

Sometimes they have to walk a long distance to get drinking water. For their agriculture, they depend on rain. But these people are very brave. They have learned to face difficulties and they never lose hope. They also like to enjoy their life. Women like to wear dresses full of bright colors. People living in villages in Rajasthan have a rich tradition of music and dance. The people of Rajasthan are very proud of their culture.

Find the correct one word for the phrase given below

'Countryside of a nation'.

• Rural

• Urban

• National

• Inhabitants

Read the passage and answer the questions.

Most children start watching television long before they enter school. Many doctors have come to the conclusion that children up to the age of two years should not watch TV. The doctors are of the view that the first two years of life are very important for the development of a child's brain. Spending time with parents and others encourages learning and healthy physical and social development. As children get older, TV can be watched to a limited extent. Children preparing to enter school can learn the alphabet and numbers from educational programs. They can also learn about wildlife on nature shows. TV can be an excellent educator as well as an entertainer for children.

Both the words 'Children' and 'Entertainer' are

• nouns

• pronouns

• verbs

• adverbs