Which constitutional Amendment Act has 12th schedule developing functions to municipal bodies ?

• 73^rd

• 72^nd

• 74^th

• 75^th

ASSERTION (A) : Indian Ocean has become the military basess by many super powers.

REASON (R) : There is strong geo-political benefits in Indian ocean and adjacent countries. 

• Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• Both (A) and (R) are true , but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).

• (A) is true , but (R) is false.

• (A) is false , but (R) is true.

ASSERTION (A) : Panchayati Raj Act empowers local bodies participatin in planning process.

REASON (R) : Panchayati Raj institutions are having three tier systems in planning and executing development projects within their jurisdiction. 

• Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

• (A) is true , but (R) is false.

• (A) is false , but (R) is true.

Who propounded the Heartland theory used in political geography ?

• Alfred Mackinder

• O.H.K. Spate

• Arthur Geddes

• J.A. Steers

What do you mean by 'Lebensraum' in political geography ?

• Dead space

• Living space

• Administrative unit

• Religious organisation

The term anthropogeograhic was coined by Ratzel and was used by him for the

• Geograhy of man and his works in relation to earth surface

• Gorgrahy of man in terms of individuals and races

• Organic theory of society and state

• Study of harmonious reciprocal relation of man and nature

Find the sequence of the following contributions 

i. The origin of species

ii. Cosmos

iii. Anthropographic

iv.Erd Kunde

• i , ii , iii , iv

• iii , iv , ii , i

• ii , iv , i , iii

• iv , iii , i , ii

Which of the following significantly weaken the strength of Mackinder's geopolitical heartland theory ?

• Ascendeance of the United States' international influence after World War II

• Existance of a pivot area

• Growth of Soviet power in Eastern Europe

• Rise in Nazi Germany

The relationship among power structures , the environment and economic inequalities is termed as 

• Political ecology

• Gerrymandering 

• Eco-terrorism

• Cultural diffusion

A primary differentiation between a state and a nation is that State is a 

• Political abstract , whereas a nation is a human group

• Mutuable concept , whereas a nation is permannet

• Fixed geographical item , whereas a nation is not linked to a territory

• Product of history , whereas a nation is a product of people