Amongst the following the compound that can most readily get sulphonated is
benzene
toluene
nitrobenzene
chlorobenzene
Inductive effect involves:
displacement of σ-electrons
delocalisation of π-electrons
delocalisation of σ-electrons
displacement of π-electrons
Dalda is prepared from oils by
oxidation
reduction
hydrolysis
distillation
B.
reduction
Oils (liquid glycerides) react with hydrogen in the presence of metal catalyst (like nickel) to give saturated glycerides (semi-solid glycerides) ie, fats. Thus, vegetable ghee (Dalda) is obtained by the hydrogenation (reduction) of oils.
Oils + H2 → Dalda
Presence of halogen in organic compounds can be detected using
Leibig's test
Duma's test
Kjeldahl test
Beilstien's test