31.

(a) Write the specific location and the functions of the following cells in human males:

(i) Leydig cells

(ii) Sertoli cells

(iii) Primary spermatocyte

(b) Explain the role of any two accessory glands in human male reproductive system.

(a) (i) Leydig cell are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. They synthesize and secrete testicular hormones called androgens (testosterone).

(ii) Sertoli cells are found in the seminiferous tubules. They act as nurse cell and provide nutrition to the male germ cells.

(iii) Primary spermatocytes are present in the testes. They are diploid cells that are derived from the spermatogonia. They undergo meiotic division to give rise to secondary spermatocyte and thereby male gamete-sperm.

(b) The male accessory glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands whose secretions constitute the seminal plasma, which provides energy and motility to the sperms until they reach the ovum.

Prostate Gland: It stores and secretes an alkaline, milky fluid known as pre-ejaculate. The purpose of the alkalinity of the semen is to neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract.

Bulbourethral glands: This gland secretes a viscous secretion during sexual arousal. This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for easy passage of spermatozoa to pass through, and to help flush out any residual urine or foreign matter.