Short Answer TypeWhat is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
Explain the following behaviours:
(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
(ii) Ortho-nitro phenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding alcohol.
Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) C6H5N2Cl + H3PO2+ H2O --->
(ii) C6H5NH2+ Br2(aq.)--->
Describe the following giving the relevant chemical equation in each case:
(i) Carbylamines reaction
(ii) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction.
(i) Carbylamines reaction
Carbylamines reaction is used as a test for the identification of primary amines. When aliphatic and aromatic primary amines are heated with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide, carbylamines (or isocyanides) are formed. These carbylamines have very unpleasant odours.
Secondary and tertiary amines do not respond to this test.
For example,
(b) Hoffmann bromamide reaction
When an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide, a primary amine with one carbon atom less than the original amide is produced. This degradation reaction is known as Hoffmann bromamide reaction. This reaction involves the migration of an alkyl or aryl group from the carbonyl carbon atom of the amide to the nitrogen atom.
Answer the following question:
(i) What is meant by the chirality of a compound? Give an example.
(ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolyzed by KOH and why?
CH3CHCICH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2Cl
(iii) Which one undergoes S N 2 substitution reaction faster and why?
Define the following as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation
Differentiate between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Give one example of each.
Long Answer Type(a) Draw the molecular structure of the following compounds.
(i) N2O5
(ii) XeOF4
(b) Explain the following observation:
(i) Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen.
(ii) ICI is more reactive than I2.
(iii) Despite the lower value of its electron gain enthalpy with a negative sign, fluorine (F2) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2.
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