Short Answer TypeWhat is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
Explain the following behaviours:
(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
(ii) Ortho-nitro phenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding alcohol.
Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) C6H5N2Cl + H3PO2+ H2O --->
(ii) C6H5NH2+ Br2(aq.)--->
Describe the following giving the relevant chemical equation in each case:
(i) Carbylamines reaction
(ii) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction.
Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics. Give one example of each group.
Disinfectant is mostly used on non-living substances whereas antiseptics are used for living things. Antiseptics and disinfectants are effective against micro-organisms. However, antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers, and diseased skin surfaces, while disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
Disinfectants are harmful to the living tissues.
Iodine is an example of a strong antiseptic. Tincture of iodine (2 -3 percent of a solution of iodine in the alcohol - water mixture) is applied to wounds. 1 percent solution of phenol is used as a disinfectant.
Answer the following question:
(i) What is meant by the chirality of a compound? Give an example.
(ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolyzed by KOH and why?
CH3CHCICH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2Cl
(iii) Which one undergoes S N 2 substitution reaction faster and why?
Define the following as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation
Differentiate between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Give one example of each.
Long Answer Type(a) Draw the molecular structure of the following compounds.
(i) N2O5
(ii) XeOF4
(b) Explain the following observation:
(i) Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen.
(ii) ICI is more reactive than I2.
(iii) Despite the lower value of its electron gain enthalpy with a negative sign, fluorine (F2) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2.
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