Short Answer Type
, where 
is the electric flux produced during charging of the capacitor plates.
Explain the terms (i) Attenuation and (ii) Demodulation used in Communication System.
, where V is the is accelerating potential for two particles A and B, carrying the same charge but different masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2). Which one of the two represents a particle of smaller mass and why? 
The three characteristics of photoelectric effect, which cannot be explained on the basis of wave theory of light are:
1. For a given metal and frequency of incident radiation, the number of photoelectrons ejected per second is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light.
2. For a given metal, a certain minimum frequency of the incident radiation below which no emission of photoelectrons take place. The is the threshold frequency.
3. Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron is independent of the intensity of the incident light and is dependent only upon the frequency or wavelength of the incident light.
(a) Explain any two factors that justify the need of modulating a low-frequency signal.
(b) Write two advantages of frequency modulation over amplitude modulation.
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