Short Answer TypeWhat is meant by communalism in the Indian context? Why has it been a recurrent source of tension and violence?
Highlight the role of Colonialism in the emergence of new business communities, with the help of any one example.
1. The advent of colonialism in India produced major upheavals in the economy, causing disruptions in production, trade, and agriculture but still at the same time new groups (especially the Europeans) entered into trade and business, sometimes in alliance with existing merchant communities and in some cases by forcing them out.
2. Rather than completely overturning existing economic institutions, the expansion of the market economy in India provided new opportunities to some merchant communities, which were able to improve their position by re-orienting themselves to changing economic circumstances.
3. In some cases, new communities emerged to take advantage of the economic opportunities provided by colonialism and continued to hold economic power even after Independence.
4. A good example of this process is provided by the Marwaris, They became a successful business community only during the colonial period when they took advantage of new opportunities in colonial cities.
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
Surprise! Punjab, Bengal lead in curbing birth rate silently, and without much sarkari fanfare, dramatic changes are taking place in the population indicators of some states that you won't see reflected in country level data. Crude birth rate dipped from 26.4 to 22.8 for the whole country between 1998 and 2008. That's a 14% decline. But in eight major states, the decline was much more. In Punjab, the birth rate fell by a whopping 23%, followed by Kerala and Maharashtra (both 20%) and West Bengal (18%).
Countrywide, the crude death rate, came down by 18% in a decade. Again there were surprises in the toppers' list. Both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan saw a 23% dip in death rates, closely followed by Bihar (22%) and U.P. (20%).
These astonishing figures are computed from the annual Sample Registration System survey done by the Government's Census office for the years 1998 and 2008, the latest available, covering a sample of 7.1 million people spread across the country.
There has been a significant decline in the infant mortality rate in India from 72 in 1998 to 53 in 2008. Although the figure is still shocking, at least there has been a decline of 26% over the past decade.
What is crude birth rate and natural growth rate of population?
Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
Surprise! Punjab, Bengal lead in curbing birth rate silently, and without much sarkari fanfare, dramatic changes are taking place in the population indicators of some states that you won't see reflected in country level data. Crude birth rate dipped from 26.4 to 22.8 for the whole country between 1998 and 2008. That's a 14% decline. But in eight major states, the decline was much more. In Punjab, the birth rate fell by a whopping 23%, followed by Kerala and Maharashtra (both 20%) and West Bengal (18%).
Countrywide, the crude death rate, came down by 18% in a decade. Again there were surprises in the toppers' list. Both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan saw a 23% dip in death rates, closely followed by Bihar (22%) and U.P. (20%).
These astonishing figures are computed from the annual Sample Registration System survey done by the Government's Census office for the years 1998 and 2008, the latest available, covering a sample of 7.1 million people spread across the country.
There has been a significant decline in the infant mortality rate in India from 72 in 1998 to 53 in 2008. Although the figure is still shocking, at least there has been a decline of 26% over the past decade.
Name the states with maximum amount of decline in birth rate and in death rate. What does the fall in death rate and birth rate indicate?
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