Name the four mountain ranges radiating from the Pamir Knot.

Distinguish between the rivers of the North Indian Plains and those of Peninsular India. 

Give reasons for the following:

i. It is cooler on the mountain slopes than in the plains during summer.

ii. Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur in December.

iii. Rajasthan receives very little rainfall.

Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow:

i. Calculate the annual rainfall in station A.

ii. What is the annual range of temperature in station B?

ii.What of the two stations has an equable climate?

State two differences between Black Soil and Alluvial soil.

Mention two ways by which soil can get nitrogen.

Explain the need for soil conservation in India. State two methods of soil conservation .

How is red soil formed? State two reasons for the low productivity of red soil.

9.

Name two states in India where manganese is found. State one use of manganese.

 Name the four types of coal. Which of these is the best for industrial purposes? justify your answer.