Long Answer Type(a) Explain in detail the digestion of carbohydrates, as the food passes through the alimentary canal.
(b) Describe step by step what happens in the different phases of the cardiac cycle in human beings.
(c) Write the effects of cytokinins on plants.
(a) Write about the chemical changes which occur during contraction of skeletal muscles.
(b) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the L.S. of a kidney.
(c) What is chloride shift ?
a) Explain how the human ear helps in hearing.
b) Briefly describe the events that occur during the prolifearative phase of the menstrual cycle.
(c) Mention the site of secretion and function of the following :
(i) Glucocorticoids
(ii) Calcitonin
(iii) Glucagon
(a) Explain the evolution of the long neck of giraffe according to Darwin and Lamarck.
(b) Explain briefly :
(i) Environmental resistance
(ii) Albinism
(iii) Plant introduction
(iv) Palaeontology
(c) Write two uses of each of the following :
(i) Emblica officinalis
(ii) Adhatoda vasica
(a) Give four applications of tissue culture in crop improvement.
(b) What do you understand by the term population growth ? Give three ways of discouraging population growth.
(c) Define :
(i) Coacervates
(ii) Gene bank
(a) Explain the role of Rh factor in blood incompatibility.
(b) State the main morphological changes that occurred in the ancestors of modern man.
(c) Describe briefly the functions of the following :
(i) CT Scan
(ii) External prosthesis
(iii) Pacemaker
a) Explain the role of a genetic counsellor.
(b) Write the causative agent and the main symptoms of the following diseases,
(i) Poliomyelitis (ii) Typhoid
(iii) Tuberculosis (iv) Cholera
(c) State two'similarities between the chromosomes of man and apex.
(a) A genetic counsellor:
(i) Give advice on genetic problems.
(ii) Give advice couples who have in their family history a birth defect of genetic disorder.
(iii) Give advice couples who plan to have children at a late age of 35 years or so have had spontaneous abortions.
(iv) Identifies ethenic disorders like sickle cell anaemia, and can advice accordingly.
(b)
(i) Polio :
It is caused by : Enterovirus (Poliovirus)
Symptoms : Nervous system causing inability to bend the feet forward, stiffness of neck paralysis starts following the weakness of particular skeletal muscle, paralysis begins with high fever, headache, chilliness,pain all over the body.
CURE : It is not curable, it can be prevanted by oral vaccine.
(ii) Typhoid:
It is caused by : Salmonella typhi.
Symptoms :
1. Headache
2. Prolonged fever, often rising on the fifth day and after.
3. Abdominal pain
4. Constipation, may be followed by diarrhoea.
(iii) Tuberculosis:
It is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms:
1. Sweating and fever at night
2. Loss of appetite and weight
3. Weakness, cough and chest pain.
(iv) Cholera:
It is caused by : Vibrio Cholerae.
Symptoms :
1. Severe vomiting and diarrhoea
3. Loss of isotonic fluid in large amounts from the body very rapidly.
4. Shrunken eyes and muscle cramps
(c)
1. The banding pattern of individual human chromosomes is very similar and some times identical to the banding pattern of chromosomes of apes.
2. The banding pattern of chromosomes no. 6 and 3 of man and apes is very similar.
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