Short Answer TypeState the most significant contribution of the following Scientists :
(i) Hans Berger
(ii) Dixon and Jolly
(iii) J.B. Lamarck
(iv) William Harvey
Mention the chromosomal abnormalities concerned with the following conditions in humans:
(i) Turner’s Syndrome
(ii) Klinefelter’s Syndrome
(iii) Down’s Syndrome
Long Answer Typea) Give any four anatomical difference between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous leaf.
(b) Explain the phases of growth in meristem of plants.
(c) Draw a neat labelled diagram of a matured anatropous ovule before fertilization.
(a) Give an account of activity of cambium in the secondary growth of the stem.
(b) Write three differences between C3 and C4 cycles.
(c) Mention two advantages each of the following:
(i) Hydroponics (ii) Turgidity to plants (iii) Cross pollination
(a) Explian the movement of water cell to cell across the root from the soil to the xylem.
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of hyaline cartilage. Write a brief note on its functions.
(c) What is the full form of ADH ? How does ADH control osmoregulation in human kidney?.
(a) Root hairs absorb water from the soil solution because of their high concentration as compared to soil. The roots absorb water and become turgid. The DPD of the root falls while there is an increase in TP. The DPD of adjoining cortical cells being higher, the water moves from the root hair to the cortical cells. Thus the DPD of the cortical cell falls. The DPD of the next inner cell being higher, water moves into it. In this way, water moves from one cortical cell move to the other along a DPD gradient till it reaches the endodermis. Through the radial and inner tangential walls of the passage cells, waters enter the pericycle cells. These cells become turgid and their DPD falls. Next to the pericycle are the protoxylem elements. Since their cell walls are rigid and inelastic, they do not have turgor pressure. Their OP equals their DPD and water from the pericycle enter the xylem vessels.
(c) ADH = Antidiuretic Hormone or vassopressin.
It discourages water loss by rapid reabsorption from tubular urine. It regulates electrolyte balance.
(a) Explain the process of oogenesis in humans.
(b) State three differences between red muscle fibre and white muscle fibre.
(c) Mention a cause and symptom of each of the following:
(i) Amphysema (ii) Renal calculi (iii) Diarrhoea
(a)Describe the structure of an artery and vein. Explain how their structure helps in their functioning.
(b) Write three differences between short day and long day plants.
(c) Name the 2nd, 3nd and 8th cranial nerves in man and write a function of each.
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