Why are neutrons considered as ideal particles for nuclear fission reactions ? Calculate the energy released in the following nuclear reaction.
1H2 + 1H2 →2H4 +energy
(mass of 1H2 = 2.014102 u, mass of 2He4 = 4.002604 u).
(i) With proper labelling of the axis, draw the input and output characteristic curves of a npn transistor in common emitter configuration.
(ii) Define current gain for a transistor in common emitter configuration.
i) Input characteristics of npn transistor in CE mode.
A graph between input voltage (VBE) and input current (IB) keeping collector voltage (VCE) constant is called input characteristics.
There is no current when VBE is less than the barrier voltage. When VBE exceeds the barrier voltage, IB increases and reaches maximum.
Output characteristics :
A graph between collector voltage (VCE) and collector current (Ic) keeping input current (IB) constant is called output characteristics.
As VCE is increased Ic increases first and then it remains almost constant and is independent of VCE.
(ii) Current gain of transistor in CE mode :
It the ratio of change in collector current to the change in base current when collector-emitter voltage is kept constant.