What are rigid and flexible Constitutions? Discuss any two merits and any two demerits of a flexible Constitution.
Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of Functional representation.
Functional or occupational representation is a protest against the system of territorial or geographical representation. In modem States the usual basis of representation is territorial.
Disdvantages:
Advantages:
i. The system of representation based upon classes, professions, occupations, or other groupings of society is not of recent origin. Mirabeau, at the time of the French Revolution, declared that a Legislative Assembly ought to be a mirror of all the interests of society.
ii. The system of functional representation is commonly known as the Soviet system. The geographical or territorial system of representation was replaced in Soviet Russia by a system based on the vocational principle, i.e., workers, farmers, professional men and other classes choose their own representatives without regard to territorial areas.
iii. There are two divergent groups who advocate occupational representation from different motives. The Communists support it, because it centres the voter’s attention upon his work relationships and forces him to think in proletarian terms. The non- Communists, on the other hand, advocate it because of their disgust with the present system of electing legislators from single-member constituencies.
Give six factors responsible for the legislatures becoming mere talking shops in the developing countries.
Compare the powers and function of the president of USA and the Prime Minister of India.
Discuss the measures should be taken to meet the challenge of political violence in India.