Lichen is the pioneer vegetation on which succession?
Hydrosere
Lithosere
Psammosere
Xerosere
B.
Lithosere
Lithosere is a type of xerosere originating on bare rock surfaces. The original substratum is deficient in water and lacks any organic matter having only minerals in disintegrated state. The pioneer vegetaion is therfore, lichens.
Hydrosere originates in a pond with the colonization of some phytoplanktons which form the pioneer plant community.
In Pinus, male cone bears a large number of
ligules
anthers
micro- sporophylls
mega- sporophylls