1.

Which of the following highlights assessment for learning?

• The teacher assesses the students by comparing their responses to 'standard' responses

• The teacher assesses conceptual understanding of the students besides focussing on the processes of thinking

• The teacher assesses the students based on the information given in the textbooks

• The teacher assesses a student based on his/her performance in comparison to others

Child-centred' pedagogy means

• giving primacy to children's experiences and their voices

• the teacher dictating the children what should be done

• enabling the children to follow prescribed information

• the teacher leading all the learning in the classroom

Which of the following statements describes Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on language and thought correctly?

• According to Piaget, thought emerges first and according to Vygotsky, language has a profound effect on thought

• According to Vygotsky, thought emerges first and according to Piaget, language has a profound effect on thought 

• Both view thought as emerging from the child's language

• Both view language as emerging from the child's thought

Watching her granddaughter arguing with her father for going on a school trip, the grandmother says, "Why can't you be obedient like a good girl? Who will marry you if you behave like a boy?" This statement reflects which of the following?

• Gender stereotypes about attributes of girls and boys

• Gender constancy

• Improper gender identification of the girl.

• Difficulties faced by families in child-rearing

Which of the following statements about assessment are correct?
A. Assessment should help students see their strengths and gaps and help the teacher fine-tune her teaching accordingly.
B. Assessment is meaningful only if comparative evaluations of students are made.
C. Assessment should assess not only memory but also understanding and application.
D. Assessment cannot be purposeful if it does not induce fear and anxiety.

• A and B

• B and C

• B and D

• A and C

According to the Right to Education Act, 2009, children with special needs should study

• in special schools created exclusively for them

• at home with their parents and caregivers providing necessary support

• in inclusive education setups with provisions to cater to their individual needs

• in vocational training centers which would prepare them for life skills

Match the following principles of development with their correct descriptions.

Principle	Description
A. Proximodistal trend B. Cephalocaudal trend C. Inter-individual differences D. Intra-individual differences	(i) Different children develop at different rates (ii) Head to toe sequence (iii) In a single child, the rate of development can vary from one domain of development to the other (iv) From the center of body to outwards (v) Progression from simple to complex

• A B C D $\to$ (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

• A B C D $\to$(v) (ii) (i) (iii)

• A B C D $\to$(ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

• A B C D $\to$(iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

An effective teacher in a classroom, where students come from diverse backgrounds, would

• focus on their cultural knowledge to address individual differences among the group

• push students from deprived backgrounds to work hard, so that they can match up with their peers

• ignore cultural knowledge and treat all his students in a uniform manner

• create groups of students with those from the same economic background put together

Which of the following statements about cognition and emotions is correct?

• Cognition and emotions are processes independent of each other

• Cognition and emotions are intertwined and affect each other

• Cognition affects emotions but emotions do not affect cognition

• Emotions affect cognition but cognition does not affect emotions

In an inclusive classroom with diverse learners, cooperative learning and peer-tutoring

• should be actively discouraged and competition should be promoted

• should be used only sometimes, since it promotes comparison with classmates

• should be actively promoted to facilitate peer-acceptance

• should not be practiced and students should be segregated based on their abilities