Long Answer Typea) Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
b) Name the products formed when ethane burns in the air. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction showing the types of energies liberated.
c) Why is the reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight considered a substitution reaction?
(a) Define the following terms in the context of spherical mirrors:
i) Pole
ii) Centre of curvature
iii) Principal axis
iv) Principal focus
b) Draw ray diagrams to show the principal focus of a
i) concave mirror
ii) convex mirror
c) Consider the following diagram in which M is a mirror and P is an object and Q is its magnified image formed by the mirror.
(a) Write the functions of the following parts in human female reproductive system:
(i) Ovary
(ii) Oviduct
(iii) Uterus
(b) Describe the structure and function of placenta.
What is meant by speciation? List four factors that could lead to speciation. Which of them cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self pollinating plant species. Give reason to justify your answer.
Speciation is the the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Reasons for speciations are:
i. Reproductive isolation
ii. Genetic drift.
iii. Geographical isolation
iv. Natural selection
In the case of plant species with self pollinating flowers the factor reproductive isolation will not have much effect because the plant is not dependent on any other species for reproduction but has male and female parts in the same flower or the same plant. Thus there is no effect of reproductive isolation.
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