Short Answer Type“The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated : even stones, rocks and water have life. Non injury to living beings, especially to humans, animals, plants and insects is crucial to Jaina Philosophy.”
In the light of the above statement, explain the moral values of Jainism.
Describe the ‘ideal of patriarchy’ and rules of marriage in the early societies from 600 BCE to 600 CE.
“Land revenue was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire.” Examine the statement.
Revenue from the land was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire:
(i) It was therefore vital for the vital to create an administrative apparatus to ensure control over the agriculture agricultural production. Revenue officials and record keepers penetrated the agricultural domain and became a decisive agent in shaping agrarian relations.
(ii) The Mughal state tried to first acquire specific informations about the extent of agricultural lands in the empire and what these lands produced before fixing the burden of taxes on people.
(iii) The land revenue arrangements consisted of two stages- first, assessment and then actual collection. The jama was the amount assessed, as opposed to hasil, the amount collected.
(iv) While fixing revenue, the attempt of the state was to maximise its claims. Both cultivated and cultivable lands were measured in each province.
“The ideal of Sulh-i-kul was the corner stone of enlightened rule.” In the light of the above statement, make an assessment of the Akbar’s policy of Sulh-i-kul.
Explain how Krishna deva Raya was able to expand and consolidate his empire of Vijayanagara? Explain the causes of the decline of Vijayanagara after his death.
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