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CBSE Class 12 Sociology Solved Question Paper 2013

Short Answer Type

What is Regionalism?

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What is meant by term untouchability?

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Write about two features of community identity.

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How have tribes been classified in India?

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What is meant by the phrase 'invisible hand'?

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How is social inequality different from the inequality of individual?

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What changes did Colonialism bring about in the Caste system?

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Explain the meaning of 'Commoditisation' with the help of examples.

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9.
What are the different senses in which 'Secularism' has been understood in India?

There are different senses in which Secularism' has been understood in India:

In the western context, it is a doctrine by which the state is kept strictly separate from religion. It means separation of 'Church and State' as we find in western societies.
In terms of Indian sense, which also covers western as well, being a secular means an opposite of communal.
It does not favour any particular religion over others, In this sense, it is the opposite of religious Chauvinism and need not necessarily imply hostility to religion as such.
In terms of the state-religion relationship, this sense of secularism implies equal respect for all religions, rather than separation or distancing. For example, the secular Indian state declares public holidays to mark the festivals of all religions.

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10.

Read the passage and answer the following questions:
India is working with the UN to tackle these issues on a global scale. UN secretary-general Ban Ki-Moon is championing two new initiatives – Every Woman Every Child and the Sust ainable Energy for All Initiative – because access to energy and improving women and chil dren‘ s health are fundamental to achieving all our development goals. India is an exampl e of how a commitment to these two goals leads to results.
A bright future for India begins with increased efforts to promote safe motherhood. According to USAID, today, India accounts for more maternal deaths than any other country in the world; avoidable complications during pregnancy and childbirth kill approximately 67,000 Indian women annually. These unfortunate statistics are a reality in part because many Indian mothers are still in their teens; nearly one-third of all women deliver a child before the age of 20.
The Indian Government has committed to promoting maternal health and family planning, pledging to spend $ 3.5 billion per year on improving health services, especially women's and children's health. India's Ministry of Health has announced it is strengthening efforts in the 264 districts that account for nearly 70% of all infant and maternal deaths. The government is implementing a Mother and Child Tracking System, which tracks every pregnant woman by name for the provision of timely antenatal care, institutional delivery, postnatal care, and immunisations for newborns.

Define maternal mortality rate.

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