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CBSE Class 12 Sociology Solved Question Paper 2017

Short Answer Type

Give examples of INGOs.

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Explain the politics of assimilation and integration used to establish a national identity.

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Differentiate the sociological and economic perspective of the market.

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Nation-State became the dominant political form during the colonial period. Explain.

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5.
What is the role and significance of civil society in todays world?

Civil society is much broader than the domain of state and market. It is beyond the private domain of the family. It is public domain in which institutions and organisations are created voluntarily. It is the sphere of active citizenship, in which individuals take up social issues, try to influence the state or make a demand on it, pursue their collective interests or seek support for a variety of causes. Institutions like political parties, media, trade unions, NGOs, religious movements, etc. are the entities formed in civil society.

Relevance of civil society

Civil society through its voluntary organisations can interfere in the state functions where it is deemed that the state is turning into an authoritarian.
As civil society is beyond the control of state and market, it has sufficient power to prevent all that is not good in the common interest of people.
As civil society is not a purely commercial profit-making entity, it highlights the corruption, criminalisation and discrimination practised on part of the government or any other group of people. Eg. private TV channels, trade unions are civil societies.
During emergency of 1977, it was a civil society with its various institutions like media, trade union, pressure groups etc. who launched movements pertaining to the environment, human right against forced sterilization and Dalit movements
Campaign for the right to information is the most recent act of cultural society. It began with an agitation in rural Rajasthan and soon ft became nationwide agitation. The government had to pass the new law namely, the Right To Information Act, 2005.

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Encouraging cultural diversity is good policy from both the practical and the principled point of view. Justify the statement using India’s case as a Nation-State.

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Explain the three key principles of social stratification with examples.

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Read the passage given below and answer the following question:

Data from the National Sample Survey studies of 1999-2000 and from the 2001 Census of India reveal a sharp fall in the rate of employment generation (creation of new jobs) across both rural and urban areas. This is true for the young as well. The rate of growth of employment in the 15-30 age group, which stood at around 2.4 percent a year between 1987 and 1994 for both rural and urban men, fell to 0.7 for rural men and 0.3 percent for urban men during 1994 to 2004. This suggests that the advantage offered by a young labour force is not being exploited.

Strategies exist to exploit the demographic window of opportunity that India has today. But India’s recent experience suggests that market forces by themselves do not ensure that such strategies would be implemented. Unless a way forward is found, we may miss out on the potential benefits that the country’s changing age structure temporarily offers.

a) What is the demographic dividend?
b) Do you think that India is indeed facing a window of opportunity created by demographic dividend?

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