11.(a) Payment for imports and exports is made through a system called foreign exchange. The value of the money of one country in relation to the money of other countries is agreed upon. (b) The rates of exchange vary from time to time. (c) For example. an American dollar or a British pound sterling is worth certain amounts in the money of other countries. (d) Sometimes a US dollar is worth 60 rupees in India.
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12.(a) When a dictionary is being edited. a lexicographer collects all the alphabetically arranged citation slips for a particular word. (b) The moment a new word is coined. it usually enters the spoken language. (c) The dictionary takes note of it and makes a note of it on a citation slip. (d) The word then passes from the realm of hearing to the realm of writing.
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13.(a) The impression that corruption is a universal phenomenon persists and the people do not co-operate in checking this evil. (b) So there is hardly anything that the government can do about it now. (c) It is regrettable that there is a widespread corruption in the country at all levels. (d) Recently several offenders were brought to book. but they were not given deterrent punishment.
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14.(a) In all social affairs convention prescribes more or less generally accepted rules of behaviour. (b) Of course, there is nothing absolute about conventions. (c) They vary from country to country, from age to age. (d) Convention has a necessary part to play in the life of everyone.
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15.(a) In fact. only recently there have been serious studies to find out how many of us actually have nightmares. (b) Now that is changing. (c) The study of nightmares has been curiously neglected. (d) While results so far are inconclusive, it seems fair to say that at least half the population has occasional nightmares.