The internal energy of a gas increases by 1J when it is compressed by a force of 1 Newton through 2 metres. The change of the system is :

• 1 J

• -1 J

• 2J

• -2J

$∆\mathrm{G}°$ for the base pairing of oligonucleotides (n = 5) at 300 K is -18 kJ mol^-1. What would be the approximate value of the equilibrium constant K?

• 100

• 10

• 1000

• 1

The reaction of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine and water has a value of +14 kJ mol^-1 for $∆\mathrm{G}°$. This is coupled with the ATP reaction (ATP + H₂O $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + phosphate). The $∆\mathrm{G}°$ for this reaction is -30kJ mol^-1. The $∆\mathrm{G}°$ (kJ mol^-1) for the coupled reaction

Glutamate + NH₃ + ATP $\rightleftharpoons$ Glutamine + ADP + Phosphate

under equilibrium condition is

• 16

• -44

• -16

• 44

144.

A protein is composed of leucine, isoleucine, alanine, glycine, proline, one lysine, one arginine and two cysteines connected by a disulfide bond. Conformational analysis indicates that the protein has elements of helix and beta structure. The protein is most likely

• a non-specific protease

• not an enzyme

• a lipase

• a flippase

Given below are some of the methods used to assess evolutionary phylogenetic relationships among plant taxa.

A. 16S rRNA sequence

B. Mitochondrial microsatellite

C. Biochemical characterization

D. Morphology

Which two of the above methods can best reveal the evolutionary phylogenetic relationships?

• A and B

• B and C

• C and D

• A and D