Long Answer Type(a) Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries. Explain the way in which each of these is adapted for its function.
(b) Give an account of the ‘Mass Flow Hypothesis’ for translocation of solutes.
(c) Give the meaning of the following:
(i) Digestion (ii) Assimilation
(a) Give a schematic representation of non-cyclic photophosphorylation showing both the photosystem.
(b) Describe the structure of a myofibril of a striated muscle.
(c) Give four points to show the importance of vegetative propagation.
(a) Describe the mechanism of inspiration and expiration in man.
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the vertical section of the human eye.
(c) (i) What is Ageing?
(ii) Give two functions of the amniotic fluid.
(a)
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of chloroplast as seen under an electron microscope.
(ii) Name the three major photosynthetic pigments.
(b) Describe the events that take place between pollination and fertilisation in plant.
(c) Name the hormones associated with the following :
(i) The only gaseous plant regulator.
(ii) A growth inhibitor in plants.
(iii) Resorption of water from the urine in the distil convoluted tubule.
(iv) Rise in blood calcium.
(a) Explain the DDT resistance of mosquitoes to the pesticide.
(b) What are the symptoms of Diabetes mellitus?
(c) Define :
(i) Gene pool
(ii) Genetic Erosion.
(a) What is genetic counselling?
(b) Give the characteristics of the Cro-Magnon man.
(a) Genetic counselling : The advice given by the experts to the prospective parents about the chance of their conceiving children with hereditary disorders is termed as genetic counselling. Due to growing knowledge of inheritance, now we have come to know that numerous disabilities have genetic origin. Some of these genetic disorders cannot be predicted easily but other can be. This has enabled to predict the occurrence of certain genetic disorders such as haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, some kinds of muscular dystrophy etc., if we have proper information about the history of the disorder in the related families. Through genetic counselling, the history of a genetic disorders of the related families is researched and on the basis of this study, the parents are advised on the likelihood of that certain disorder arising in their children.
For example, the family of a mother has a history of cystic fibrosis. If she has heterozygous condition for the gene then she is not affected but is a carrier for it. If she marries a man with no history of this disorder in his family then it is assumed that he does not have any gene for cystic fibrosis. In this case, no child will suffer from the disease but they may be carrier for it. On the other hand, if the man’s family also has a history for that disorder and he is not affected then he may be a carrier. In this case, the parents can be advised that one out of their four children may be affected. The gene for cystic fibrosis is recessive and autosomal i.e. it is not a sex-linked disorder. This can be understood by the following cross.
Hence, 25% children will be normal.
50% children will be carrier.
25% children will develop cystic fibrosis.1. Cro-magnon man was very much similar to modern men.
2. Their height was about 5 to 6 feet.
3. Their face was small and broad with raised nose and thin brow ridges.
4. Their chin was very much distinct.
5. They had large skull, round forehead with cranial capacity about 1600 cc.
6. They were swift walker and fast runner; lives in families in the caves; made good weapons of stones, bones and elephant tusks. They also made excellent ornaments.
7. They used skin of animals as clothes, knew art and sketched beautiful pictures.
8. They cooked their food on fire and buried the deads according to their customs.(a) Write short notes on:
(i) DNA finger printing
(ii) Cryopreservation
(iii) Hemophilia
(iv) Green manure.
(b) What are the activities of Community Health Services.
(c) Give the differences between B cells and T cells.
(a) Describe Lederberg’s Replica Plating experiment to show the genetic basis of adaptation.
(b) Give an account of chromosomal aberrations (mutations).
(c) What is a pacemaker?
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