Consider the following statements relating to the Gandhian strategy of Satyagraha:

1. Under the Gandhian strategy, which may be described as Struggle-Truce-Struggle (S-T-S), phases of a vigorous extra-legal mass movement and confrontation with colonial authority alternate with phases, during which direct confrontation is withdrawn
2. The entire po1itical process of S-T-S was an upward spiraling one, which also assumed that the freedom struggle would pass through several stages, ending with the transfer of power by the colonial regime itself

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only

• 2 only

• Both 1 and 2

• Neither 1 nor 2

Rajmohan Gandhi's book 'A Tale of Two Revolts' (2009) deals with the:

• Taiping and Indigo revolts

• Revolt of 1857 and the American Civil War

• Revolt of 1857 and the Deccan Uprising

• American Civil War and Santhal Uprising

Consider the following statements relating to Jawaharlal Nehru's attitude towards science and technology:

1. Nehru was convinced that science and technology were crucial to the solution of India's problems relating to underdevelopment and poverty
2. To emphasize the importance of science and scientific research, Nehru himself became the Chairman of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only

• 2 only

• Both 1 and 2

• Neither 1 nor 2

74.

"No Taxation without Representation" was the popular slogan of:

• Indian freedom struggle

• American war of independence

• Russian revolution

• French revolution

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

• Power of Parliament : Creating a new State

• Power of State Legislature : Altering the name of a State 

• Equality before the law : Both Indian and non-Indian citizens

• Equality of opportunity : Indian citizen 

Which among the following statements with regard to Raja Rammohan Roy are correct?

1. He started the Atmiya Sabha
2. He wrote the Gift of Monotheist
3. He published the Precepts of Jesus
4. He founded the Brahma Sabha

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• 2, 3 and 4 only

• 1,2 and 3 only

• 1, 3 and 4 only

• 1, 2, 3and 4

Which one among the following was not a demand of the early congress (1885-1905)?

• Indianization of the superior grades of the administrative services

• Puma Swaraj/complete independence

• Abolition of the Arms Act

• Autonomy within the empire

The myth is that the Indian National Congress was started by A.O. Hume and others under the official direction, guidance, and advice of no less a person than Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety-valve for the rising discontent among the masses, which was inevitably leading towards a popular and violent revolution. Consequently, the revolutionary potential was nipped in the bud. Most writers accept the core of the myth, that a violent revolution was on the cards at the time and was avoided only by the foundations of the congress. All of them agree that the manner of its birth affected the basic character and future work of the congress in a crucial manner.

The colonial rulers, according to the safety valve thesis, were trying to use congress as:

• a constitutional outlet for the mass discontent against the authorities

• an instrument for the spread of British culture in India

• an instrument to expand the Indian market for the products of British industries

• an agency for social change in India

The author describes the safety-valve thesis as a myth because:

• evidence is insufficient to establish the validity of the thesis.

• the author has concluded that in the light of available materials the thesis does not hold ground

• the congress was a nationalist organization right from the start.

• the violent anti-colonial movements did not come to an end with the foundation of the congress.

The myth is that the Indian National Congress was started by A.O. Hume and others under the official direction, guidance, and advice of no less a person than Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety-valve for the rising discontent among the masses, which was inevitably leading towards a popular and violent revolution. Consequently, the revolutionary potential was nipped in the bud. Most writers accept the core of the myth, that a violent revolution was on the cards at the time and was avoided only by the foundations of the congress. All of them agree that the manner of its birth affected the basic character and future work of the congress in a crucial manner.

The core of the safety-valve thesis rests on the assumption that:

• a violent anti-colonial revolution was bound to occur unless a constitutional platform like the congress was founded.

• the congress would assist the British in administering the colony.

• the congress leaders would constitute the colonial elite

• congress as a party would assist the colonial rulers to implement political and social reforms.