There are a few children in your class who make errors. Which of these is most likely to be your analysis of the situation?

• The children have poor intelligence

• The children have not yet gained conceptual clarity and there is need for you to reflect on your pedagogy

• The children are not interested in studies and want to create indiscipline

• The children should not have been promoted to your class

2.

Failure of a child to perform well in class tests leads us to believe that

• assessment is objective and can be used to clearly identify failures

• children are born with certain capabilities and deficits

• there is a need to reflect upon the syllabus, pedagogy and assessment processes

• some children are deemed to fail irrespective of how hard the system tries

A teacher wants to ensure that her students are motivated intrinsically. She would

• specify uniform standards of achievement for all children

• plan learning activities which encourage convergent thinking

• focus on the processes of learning of individual children rather than on the final outcome

• offer tangible rewards

Which one of the following statements best describes why children should be encouraged to ask questions in the class?

• Questions increase the curiosity of the children

• Children can be made to realize that they lack intelligence by making them think of all the things they don't know about

• Questions take learning forward by interactions and lead to conceptual clarity

• Children need to practice their language skills

Which of these is a characteristic of a child with learning disability?

• An IQ below 50

• Difficulty in reading fluently and reversing words

• Bullying other children and engaging in aggressive acts

• Doing the same motor action repeatedly

Which one of the following assessment practices will bring out the best in students?

• When students are required to reproduce facts as tested via multiple choice questions

• When the emphasis is laid upon positive correlation between test scores and student ability

• When conceptual change and students' alternative solutions are assessed through several different methods of assessment

• When the marks obtained and the position secured by the student in the class are the ultimate determinants of success

According to Vygotsky, zone of proximal development is

• zone demarking the support offered by the teacher

• what the child can do on her own which cannot be assessed

• the gap between what the child can do independently and with assistance 

• the amount and nature of support provided to the child to achieve her potential

According to Piaget' s theory, children learn by

• memorizing information by paying due attention

• changing their behaviour when offered appropriate rewards

• scaffolding provided by more able members of the society

• processes of adaptation

Piaget proposes that pre-operational children are unable to conserve. He attributes this inability to which one of the following factors?

• Inability of hypothetico-deductive reasoning

• Lack of high-level abstract reasoning

• Personal fable

• Irreversibility of thought

Socialization is a process of

• acquiring values, beliefs and expectations

• socializing with friends

• assimilation and accommodation

• learning to critique the culture of a society