Discuss the mechanism of Friedel Craft’s reaction.
Or
Discuss the mechanism of Friedel Craft’s alkylation of benzene. Give the mechanism of reaction of benzene within the presence of AlCl_3.Or
How is benzene converted into aceto-phenone? Name the reaction and discuss the mechanism explaining each step.
Or
Give the mechanism of acylation of benzene.

(A) Friedel-Craft alkylation reaction: Benzene reacts with an alkyl halide (R - X) in the presence of anhydrous AICI₃ to form alkyl benzene.

Mechanism. It involves the following steps:

(i) Generation of electrophile:

(ii) Formation of carbocation:

The resonance hybrid structure of the above resonating form can be represented as:

(iii) Transfer of proton from the carbocation to form alkyl benzene:

[B] Friedel-Craft acylation reaction. In acylation of benzene, the hydrogen attached to the carbon atom of the ring gets replaced by the acyl group (RCO-). For example,

Mechanism: It involves following steps:
(i) Generation of electrophile.

(ii) Formation of the carbocation.

The resonance hybrid structure of the above resonating forms can be represented as:

(iii) Proton transfer from the carbocation to form the final product.

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