State and prove Torricelli’s theorem.
Statement: The velocity of efflux of the liquid through an orifice is equal to the velocity which a body would attain in free fall from the surface of liquid to orifice.
Proof: Consider a tank containing an ideal liquid of density ρ and having a narrow orifice at L. Let the tank be very wide as compared to orifice so that velocity of its free surface can be taken zero. Let v be velocity of efflux. The pressure at free surface M of liquid and at orifice L is atmospheric i.e. P and let h be the height of liquid above orifice. Applying Bernoulli's theorem at L and M,
Hence velocity of efflux of liquid is equal to velocity of free falling body.
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