Communication in UHF/VHF regions can be established by space or tropospheric wave. Why is it restricted to or limited to line-of-sight distance of about 40 km?

For a range of 40 km, the height of the antenna is given by,

d = \sqrt{2 rh} \Rightarrow h = \frac{d^{2}}{2 r} = \frac{(40000)^{2}}{2 \times 6.4 \times 10^{6}} = 125 m

The height of the antenna comes out to be 125 m for a range of 40 km. It is not practically possible to increase the height of the antenna greater than this value.

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